初一英语动词搭配及重点总结
初一英语(下):动词搭配及重点总结
撰写:贾巍审校:李伟清责编:牛新阁知识讲解:
由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理:一、动词+介词
1.lookat看,looklike看上去像,lookafter照料2.listento听
3.welcometo欢迎到4.sayhelloto向问好5.speakto对说话
此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:A.动词(vt.)+副词
1.puton穿上2.takeoff脱下3.writedown记下
此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。
B.动词(vi)+副词。
1.comeon赶快2.getup起床3.gohome回家4.comein进来5.sitdown坐下6.standup起立此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。
介词短语聚焦
“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。
1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着。
2.in+Row/Team/Class/Grade等,表示“在排/队/班级/年级”等。
3.inthemorning/afternoon/evening/表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。4.inthedesk/pencil-box/bedroom等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。5.inthetree表示“在树上(非树本身所有)”;onthetree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。6.inthewall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;onthewall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。7.atwork(在工作)/atschool(上学)/athome(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。8.at+时刻表示钟点。
9.likethis/that表示方式,意为“像这/那样”。10.of短语表示所属关系。
11.behind/beside/near/under+名词等,表示方位、处所。12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从”,后者意为“到”。
另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:onduty,afterbreakfast,atnight,atthedoor,inthemiddle,inthesky,onone’sbike等。
重点句型大回放
1.Ithink意为“我认为”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用Idon’tthink.2.givesth.tosb./givesb.sth.意为“把给”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两
种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用giveit/themtosb.3.takesb./sth.to意为“把(送)带到”,后常接地点,也可接人。4.One,theother/Oneisandoneis意为“一个是;另一个是”,必须是两者中。
5.Letsb.dosth.意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’tlet
sb,dosth.,或Letsb.notdosth.另外,Let’s与Letus的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者
在内,后者不包括听者在内。
6.helpsb.(to)dosth./helpsb.withsth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后
者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换。7.Whatabout?/Howabout?意为“怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法
等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。8.It’stimetodo/It’stimeforsth.意为“该做的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动
词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。
9.liketodosth./likedoingsth.意为“喜欢做某事”,前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;
后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作。
10.asksb.(not)todosth.意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中asksb.后应接动词不定式。11.showsb.sth./showsth.todo.意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点。
12.introducesb.tosb.意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introducetosb.则是“向某人作介绍”。
重温重点句型
1.So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语.前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语.”这种倒装结构。注意:“So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此。”“是呀。”
2.Turnright/leftatthefirst/second/crossing.这一指路的句型意为“在第一/二/个十字路口向右/左拐。”相当于Takethefirst/second/turningontheright/left.
3.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语。
4.think/find+it+adj.+todosth.
此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。
5.What’swrongwith?
此句型相当于What’sthematter/troublewith?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?”
6.tooto
在sothat复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句tooto(太而不能)进行句型转换。
在sothat复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句enoughto进行句型转换。
7.Sorrytohearthat.
全句应为I’msorrytohearthat.意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾)。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。
重点句型、词组大盘点
1.SheusedtobeaChineseteacher.她过去是一位汉语老师。
usedto+动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。搭配:usedtodo的否定式可以是usedn’ttodo或didn’tusetodo.比较:
usedtodosth.过去常做某事
be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事beusedtodosth.被用来做某事
2.returnitsoonerorlater.迟早要将它归还。
(l)soonerorlater意为“迟早”、“早晚”。(2)return此处用作及物动词,意为“归还”,相当于giveback.拓展:
return还可用作不及物动词,意为“返回”,相当于goback或comeback。3.Nomatterwhattheweatherislike无论天气nomatterwhat相当于whatever,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句。拓展:
类似nomatterwhat的表达方式还有:nomatterwhen无论什么时候nomatterwhere无论什么地方nomatterwho无论谁
nomatterhow无论怎么样
4.AyoungmanpractisedspeakingEnglishwithMr.Green.一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。
practisedoingsth.表示“实践、练习(做)某事”。拓展:
practice名词,“实践”、“实施”、“练习”putaplanintopractice实行某计划
5.Heencouragedeveryonetotakepartinprotectingourlakes,rivers,seasandoceans.他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。(1)encourage用作动词,意思是“鼓励”、“支持”。(2)takepartin“参加”,常表示参加活动。(3)protect是动词,表示“防御”、“保护”。搭配:
(1)encouragesb.insth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人干某事
(2)protectsth.fromsth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害
6.towarnpeopleaboutsharksinthewater.警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。warn用作动词,意思是“警告”、“警戒”。搭配:
(1)warnsb.+that从句
(2)warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事(3)warnsb.todosth.告诫某人做某事
(4)warnsb.against(doing)sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事
练习题:单项选择
1.It’simportant_______adancertobehealthy.A.toB.ofC.forD.as
2.What________youneedtobuy?
A.B.doC.doesD.doing
3.Itoftentakes________hourtocook.
A.anB.theC.aD.
4.Weallworeclothes_______differenttimes_______the20th.A.from;inB.to;inC.from;onD.from;at
5.Wereyourparents_______thefashionshowonFriday?A.inB.onC.withD.at
6.Wedidn’tbuy________intheshop.
A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.somethings7.Thepairofnewshoesareverynice.CouldI________?
A.tryonB.tryoutthemC.tryonthemD.trythemon8.Areyougoingtohave_______fruit?Yes,please.
A.anyB.takeC.someD.lost9.Howmuchdoyou_______foryournewshoes?A.payB.takeC.cost10.NowI’m________myturn.
A.waitforB.waitingfor
参考答案:
1-5CBAAD6-10CDCAB
D.spend
C.waitingD.waitingto
扩展阅读:初中英语知识点归纳动词固定搭配
动词固定搭配
wanttodosth想要做某事Iwanttobeateacher./Hewantstohavemilkforbreakfast.wantsbtodosth想要某人做某事Mymotherwantsmetocleantheroom.wantsth想要某物Iwantanapple.
likedoingsth喜欢做某事Ilikeplayingfootball.
liketodosth喜欢做某事Helikestogoshoppingwithhisfriends.likesth喜欢某物Ilikeapples.
enjoydoingsth喜爱做某事Mybrotherenjoysplayingfootball.enjoysth喜爱/某物Ienjoyedmywintervacation.
havefundoingsth愉快地做某事Ihadgreatfunplayinginthewater.=haveagoodtimedoingsth=Ihadagoodtimeplayinginthewater.=enjoyoneselftodosth=Ienjoyedmyselftoplayinthewater.
letsbdosth让某人做某事Lucyletsmegoshoppingwithher.
letsbnotdosth让某人不做某事Mymotherletsmenotplayontheroad.
tellsbtodosth告诉某人去做某事Tomtellsmetoworkhard.
tellsbnottodosth告诉某人不要去做某事Tomtellsmenottoplayeveryday.tellsbaboutsth告诉某人关于某事Mymathteachertellsusabouttheexam.tellsbsth告诉某人某事Myfriendtoldmethetrafficaccident.
hopetodosth希望去做某事IhopetogotoBeijingonsummervacation.hope+从句希望……Ihopeyouhaveagoodtrip.
It’s+形容词+ofsbtodosth某人做某事真是太……It’skindofyoutohelpme.
It’s+形容词+forsbtodosth做某事对某人来说……It’sgoodforyoutohavevegetableseveryday.
beinterestedindoingsth对做某事很感兴趣Lucyisinterestedindancing.
beinterestedinsth做某事/某物很感兴趣MyparentsareinterestedinBeijingOpera.
befriendlytosb对某人很友好Myclassmatesarefriendlytome.
befriendlywithsb和某人很友好Myclassmatesarefriendlywitheachother.
waitforsb等待某人Jeffoftenwaitsforhissisterafterschool.
can’twaittodosth迫不及待去做某事Summeriscoming,Ican’twaittogotoswim.
workfor为……而工作Doyouwanttoworkforamagazine?workas从事……职业Myfatherworksasadoctor.
workwith和……一起工作Doyouliketoworkwithotheryoungpeople?
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bebusydoingsth忙于做某事Mymotherisbusydoinghouseworkeveryday.bebusywithsth忙于某事/某物Everystudentisbusywithstudy.
teachsbtodosth教某人做某事MyEnglishteacherteachesmetostudyEnglish.teachsbsth教某人某事/某物MyEnglishteacherteachesmestudy.
thanksfordoingsth感谢你做了某事Thanksforhelpingme.=thankyoufordoingsth=Thankyouforhelpingme.thanksbfordoing感谢某人做了某事ThankTomforhelpingme.thanksbforsth因某事感谢某人=ThankTomforhishelp.
besurprisedtodosth做某事感到惊讶I’msurprisedtohearthenews.besurprisedatsth对某事/某物感到惊讶=I’msurprisedatthenews.
besurprised+that从句对……而惊讶I’msurprisedthathepassedtheexam.
stopdoingsth停止做某事Theteacheriscoming,pleasestoptalking.stoptodosth停下来做某事I’mtired,soIstoptohavearest.
rememberdoingsth记得做过某事Irememberedcleaningtheroom.
remembertodosth记住去做某事Remembertoclosethedoorwhenyouleave.
forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事IforgottellinghimaboutMary.forgettodosth忘记去做某事Iforgettotellyoutoclosethedoor.
wouldliketodosth想要去做某事Iwouldliketohavemilkforbreakfast.wouldlikesbtodosth想要某人做某事Iwouldlikehimtotellmethestory.wouldlikesth想要某物Iwouldlikeanapple.
doingsth做某事怎样Whataboutgoingtotheparkthisweekend?
Whataboutsth某物/某事怎样Whataboutacupoftea?=Howabout+代词……怎样Whatabouthim?
practicedoingsth练习做某事Mysisterpracticesplayingthepianoeveryday.practicesth练习某事=Mysisterpracticesthepianoeveryday.practice+代词练习……Practiceitmore.
spend+时/钱(in)doingsth花多少时/钱做某事Ispent2yuanbuyingtheclothes.spend+时/钱onsth花多少时/钱在某物上Ispent2yuanontheclothes.
asksbtodosth叫某人去做某事Mymotheraskmetobuysomevegetablesafterschool.
asksbnottodosth叫某人不要去做某事Theteacherasksthestudentsnottoplayontheroad.asksbaboutsth问某人关于某事/某物Myfatherasksmeabouttheexam.asksbforsth问/找某人要某物Ioftenaskmyparentsformoney.
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It’stimetodosth该做某事了It’stimetohavedinner.
It’stimeforsbtodosth某人该做某事了It’stimeformetohavedinner.It’stimeforsth某事的时间到了It’timefordinner.
watchsb/sthdoingsth看见某人/某物正在做某事HenryoftenwatchesJimplayingtheballs.watchsb/sthdosth看见某人/某物做过某事Iwatchedhimdohishomework.
suggestdoingsth建议做某事Isuggestgoingtotheparknotthezoo.suggeststh建议某物/某事Hesuggeststheplan.
suggest+从句建议……Isuggestthatweshouldgototheparkthisweekends.
findsb/sthdoingsth发现某人/某物正在做某事Ifounditplayingtheball.findsb/sthdosth发现某人/某物做过某事Ifounditplaytheball.
helpsbdosth帮助某人做某事Heoftenhelpsmedothehousework.helpsbwithsth帮助某人某事Heoftenhelpsmewiththehousework.makesbdosth使/让某人做某事Itmademefeelhappy.
decidetodosth决定去做某事Wedecidedtogototheparkthisweekend.
decidenottodosth决定不去做某事Wedecidednottogototheparkthisweekend.decidesth决定某物/某事Wedecidedtheplan.
decide+从句决定……Wedecidedthatwewillgototheparkthisweekend.
discusssthwithsb和某人讨论某事Ioftendisscussmystudywithmyteacher.discusssth讨论某物/某事Weoftendiscussit.
minddoingsth介意做某事Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?mindsth介意某事/某物Imindthescore.mind+代词介意……Idon’tmindit.
mind+从句介意……Idon’tmindthatyouopenthewindow.
agreetodosth同意去做某事Iagreedtogototheparkthisweekend.
agreewithsb(aboutsth)同意某人(关于某事)Doyouagreewithme(abouttheplan).agree+从句同意……Hermotheragreesthatshecangoshoppingwithme.
buysthfromsb/sw从某人/某处买来某物Iboughtsomeapplesfromtheshop/him.sellsthtosb/sw卖某物给某人/某处Hesoldsomeapplestome.
showsbsth=showsthtosb给某人看某物=把某物给某人看givesbsth=givesthtosb给某人某物=把某物给某人passsbsth=passsthtosb传给某人某物=把某物传给某人sellsbsth=sellsthtosb卖给某人某物=卖某物给某人buysbsth=buysthforsb买给某人某物=买某物给某人makesbsth=makesthforsb为某人做某物=做某物给某人
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fightforsth/sb为某事/某物/某人而战WeChinesepeoplefightforpeace.fightwithsth/sb和某物/某人打架Don’tfightwithyoursister.
fightagainststh/sb为反对某事/某物/某人而战Wefightagainstthewar.
Whynotdosth为什么不做某事Whynotgoshoppingwithme?
=Whydon’tyoudosth=Whydon’tyougoshoppingwithme?
begoodatdoingsth擅长做某事Heisgoodatplayingthepiano.begoodatsth擅长某事/某物=Heisgoodatpiano.
begoodwithsb和某人相处融洽I’mgoodwithmyclassmates.
begoodforsb/sth对某人/某物有益Applesaregoodforyourhealth.begoodtosb对某人好Mymotherisalwaysgoodtome.
starttodosth开始做某事=startdoingsthstartsth开始某事/屋
finishtodosth完成做某事=finishdoingsth
finishsth完成某事/某物
bestrictwithsb对某人严格Myteacherisstrictwithus.
bestrictinsth对某事/某物严格Myteacherisstrictinteaching.
betiredofdoingsth厌倦做某事I’mtiredofplayingfootballeveryday.betiredofsth厌倦某物/某事Somestudentsaretiredofstudy.
takesthtosb/sw把某物带去某处/给某人Pleasetakethebookstohim/thelibrary.bringsthtosb/sw把某物带来某处/给某人Pleasebringthebookstome.
beafraidofdoingsth担心/害怕做某事I’mafraidoflearningthepiano.beafraidofsth担心/害怕某物/某事I’mafraidofthedog.beafraidofsb担心/害怕某人I’mafraidofhim.
taketurnstodosth轮流去做某事Wetaketurnstocleantheclassroom.havetodosth不得不/必须做某事Hehastowearauniform.
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