201*高考英语语法知识点归纳总结：主谓一致

201*高考英语语法知识点归纳总结：主谓一致

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二、名词和主谓一致

I.名词的种类专有名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换

例句①Sheheldsomeflowersinherhand.②Thetreesarenowinflower①Youthisbeautiful.②Heisayouthoftwenty①Theyhaveachievedremarkablesuccessintheirwork.②HowabouttheChristmaseveningparty?Ishouldsayitwasasuccess.例句①Ironisakindofmetal.②Pleaselendmeyouriron.①Hebrokeapieceofglass.②Hebrokeaglass.①Iboughtachickenthismorning②Pleasehelpyourselftosomechicken意义花儿开花青春年轻人成功成功的事物质名词与个体名词的相互转换意义铁熨斗玻璃玻璃杯小鸡鸡肉抽象名词与个体名词的转换

具有动作意义的抽象名词加用①I’dlike______informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.Well,youcouldhave____wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful与某些动词（如：have等）连名词性质物质名词个体名词物质名词个体名词个体名词物质名词名词性质个体名词抽象名词抽象名词个体名词抽象名词个体名词普通名词不可数名词物质名词版权所有@高考资源网高考资源网（ks5u.com）您身边的高考专家

用，表示某一次短暂的动作A.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a②Theysentuswordofthelatesthappenings.消息（抽象名词）A.aB.anC./D.the③Couldwehavewordbeforeyougotothemeeting?话（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the类例：haveadream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/awash/adiscussion/alooktakeawalk/abathmakeanadvance(进步)/makeanearlystart(早点出发)/makeadecision/makeachange/giveacryofpain(发出痛苦的叫声)/giveatry①Manypeopleagreethat___knowledgeofEnglishisamustin____internationaltradetoday.A.a,/B.the,anC.the,theD./,the表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分aknowledgeoftruth(知道实际情况)giveafullerknowledgeofChina(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)haveaknowledgeofshorthand(有速记的知识)②Iftherewerenoexamination,weshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime③ismoney.A.ThetimeB.AtimeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用①Oh,John._____yougaveme!A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise来表示“一次、一阵、一种”C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词②ShelookedupwhenIshouted.A.inasurpriseB.inthesurpriseC.insurpriseD.insomesurprise修饰版权所有@高考资源网高考资源网（ks5u.com）您身边的高考专家

其它例子：Thegiftcameasacompletesurprisetome.Wehavehadsomeunpleasantsurprise③Itis_____workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusualII.名词的数

规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表

规则12345改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式单复数相同只有复数形式一些集体名词总是用作复数部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）复数形式表示特别含义加-s7表示“某国人”单复数同形以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women将主体名词变为复数8合成名词将两部分变为复数III.主谓一致规则情况举例例词man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-micesheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,compasses,contentspeople,police,cattle,staffaudience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,partycustoms(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,EuropeansSwiss,Portuguese,Chinese,JapaneseEnglishmen,Frenchwomensons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriendswomensingers,menservants6无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches版权所有@高考资源网高考资源网（ks5u.com）您身边的高考专家

语法一致原则Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形用复数形式。式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。whatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfulforyou.LucyandLilyaretwinsThewriterandartisthascome.由连接词and或bothand连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every或morethana(an)/one,manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,anyno,every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.Manyaboyandmanyagirllikesit.Noboyandnogirllikesit.Eachofushasanewbook.Iseveryoneheretoday?Somebodyisspeakinginclass.Everythingaroundusismatter若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。Noneofthesugarwasleft.Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.Thosewhowanttogopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.在定语从句里，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Heisthe(only)oneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致ItisIwhoamgoingtothecinematonight.Itiswewhoaregoingtothecinematonight.版权所有@高考资源网高考资源网（ks5u.com）您身边的高考专家

Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.Thecattleareeatinggrassinthefield.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式；Hisfamilyhasmovedtothesouth.(他的一家)如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式HisfamilyarewatchingTV.（他的家人）Classfourisonthethirdfloor.（四班）ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.（四班的学生）Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.由alotof/lotsof/plentyof/aheapof/heapsof/therest50percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.of/themajorityof+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名此外，还有anumberof+复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面thenumberof+复数名词的数就得依number而定（用单数）。Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmer名词的数而定。pickapples.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致逻辑意义一Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.Betweenthetwohillsstandsamonument.Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?AreanyofyougoodatEnglish?Hasanyofyougotapen?Allcanbedonehasbeendone.Allisgoingwell.Allhavebeentakenout.AllhavegonetoBeijing.What,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework..表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词Twentypoundsistoodear.通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式体。Fortykilosofwaterareusedeveryday.若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动TheUnitedStatesissmallerthanChina.“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.词通常用单数形式。版权所有@高考资源网高考资源网（ks5u.com）您身边的高考专家

致原则表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等。都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。Idon’tthinkphysicsiseasytostudy.意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissors(剪刀)等词作主语Myglassesarebroken.时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.修饰时（clothes被asuitof修饰）谓语动词用单数。“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。Theoldaretakengoodcareofthere.Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall.就近/远一致原则Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.当两个主语由eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutNeitherhenortheyarewhollyright.also,whetheror连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.即就近一致。Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?therebe句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,Awomanwithababywasonthebus.nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,besides,alongwith,NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.including,inadditionto等引起的短语，谓语动词要跟主语She,likeyouandTom,isverytall.ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.一致，即就远一致。Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanythingaboutit.

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扩展阅读：201*高考英语语法知识点归纳总结：主谓一致

二、名词和主谓一致

I.名词的种类专有名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称普通名词可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质①Sheheldsomeflowersinherhand.花儿个体名词②Thetreesarenowinflower开花抽象名词①Youthisbeautiful.青春抽象名词②Heisayouthoftwenty年轻人个体名词①Theyhaveachievedremarkablesuccessin成功抽象名词theirwork.②HowabouttheChristmasevening成功的事个体名词party?Ishouldsayitwasasuccess.物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句意义名词性质①Ironisakindofmetal.铁物质名词②Pleaselendmeyouriron.熨斗个体名词①Hebrokeapieceofglass.玻璃物质名词②Hebrokeaglass.玻璃杯个体名词

①Iboughtachickenthismorning②Pleasehelpyourselftosomechicken小鸡个体名词鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换①I’dlike______informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,please.Well,youcouldhave____wordwiththemanager.HemightbehelpfulA.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a②Theysentuswordofthelatesthappenings.消息（抽象名词）具有动作意义的抽象A.aB.anC./D.the名词加用与某些动词③Couldwehavewordbeforeyougotothemeeting?话（个体名词）（如：have等）连A.aB.anC./D.the用，表示某一次短暂的类例：haveadream/arest/asmoke/aswim/atrip/awash/adiscussion/alook动作takeawalk/abathmakeanadvance(进步)/makeanearlystart(早点出发)/makeadecision/makeachange/giveacryofpain(发出痛苦的叫声)/giveatry①Manypeopleagreethat___knowledgeofEnglishisamustin____internationaltradetoday.A.a,/B.the,anC.the,theD./,the表示知识和时间的抽aknowledgeoftruth(知道实际情况)象名词转换为普通名giveafullerknowledgeofChina(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)词时可以用来表示haveaknowledgeofshorthand(有速记的知识)其中的一部分②Iftherewerenoexamination,weshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime

③ismoney.A.ThetimeB.AtimeC.TimeD.Times①Oh,John._____yougaveme!A.HowapleasantsurpriseB.Howpleasantsurprise抽象名词转换为普通C.WhatapleasantsurpriseD.Whatpleasantsurprise名词可用来表示“一②ShelookedupwhenIshouted.次、一阵、一种”具体A.inasurpriseB.inthesurpriseC.insurpriseD.in的行为、事件、现象或somesurprise其它例子：Thegiftcameasacompletesurprisetome.Wehavehadsome结果。这时名词前往往有unpleasantsurprise③Itis_____workofartthateveryonewantstohavealookatit.形容词修饰A.sounusualB.suchunusualC.suchanunusualD.soanunusualII.名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规则例词man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep,deer,series,means,works,fish,speciesashes,trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,3只有复数形式compasses,contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也audience,class,family,crowd,couple,group,committee,

可以作复数（成员）6复数形式表示特别含义加-s7表示“某国单复数同形人”以-man或-woman结尾的改Englishmen,Frenchwomen为-men,-womensons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boy将主体名词变为复数friends8合成名词无主体名词时将最后一部分grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches变为复数womensingers,menservants将两部分变为复数III.主谓一致规情况举例则government,population,crew,team,public,enemy,partycustoms(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,EuropeansSwiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese

语法一致原以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.Whathesaidisveryimportantforusall.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。whatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddois(are)helpfulforyou.LucyandLilyaretwinsThewriterandartisthascome.Everystudentandeveryteachisintheclassroom.Manyaboyandmanyagirllikesit.Noboyandnogirllikesit.

则接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every或morethana(an)/one,manya(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either,neither,each,every或no+单数名词和由some,anyno,every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.在定语从句里，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致Eachofushasanewbook.Iseveryoneheretoday?Somebodyisspeakinginclass.Everythingaroundusismatter若noneof后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。Noneofthesugarwasleft.Noneofushas(have)beentoAmerica.Thosewhowanttogopleasewritetheirnamesontheblackboard.Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heisthe(only)oneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.ItisIwhoamgoingtothecinematonight.Itiswewhoaregoingtothecinematonight.

如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式；如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式由alotof/lotsof/plentyof/aheapof/heapsof/therestof/themajorityof+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.Thecattleareeatinggrassinthefield.Hisfamilyhasmovedtothesouth.(他的一家)HisfamilyarewatchingTV.（他的家人）Classfourisonthethirdfloor.（四班）ClassFourareunabletoagreeuponamonitor.（四班的学生）Therearealotofpeopleintheclassroom.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.50percentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.此外，还有anumberof+复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但thenumberof+复数名词的数就得依number而定（用单数）。Anumberofstudentshavegonetothefarmtohelpthefarmerpickapples.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookisthreehundred.Therecomesthebus.Onthewallaremanypictures.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.Betweenthetwohillsstandsamonument.

What,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是逻单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。辑意表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语义时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主一语的名词在概念上是一个整体。致若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形原式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。则表数量的短语“oneandahalf”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。Whichisyourbag?Whichareyourbags?AreanyofyougoodatEnglish?Hasanyofyougotapen?Allcanbedonehasbeendone.Allisgoingwell.Allhavebeentakenout.AllhavegonetoBeijing.Thirtyminutesisenoughforthework..Twentypoundsistoodear.如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式Fortykilosofwaterareusedeveryday.TheUnitedStatesissmallerthanChina.“TheArabianNights”isaninterestingstory-book.Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.

一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics,politics,physics以及news,works等。都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,scissors(剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时（clothes被asuitof修饰）谓语动词用单数。“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。Thepaperworkswasbuiltin1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。Idon’tthinkphysicsiseasytostudy.Myglassesarebroken.Thepairofshoesunderthebedishis.Theoldaretakengoodcareofthere.Thebeautifulgivespleasuretoall.

就近/远一致原则当两个主语由eitheror,Eithertheteacherorthestudentsareourfriends.neithernor,notonlybutNeitherhenortheyarewhollyright.also,whetheror连接时，Neithertheynorheiswhollyright.谓语动词和邻近的主语Isneitherhenortheywhollyright?保持一致,即就近一致。therebe句型中be动词Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.的单复数取决于其后的Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。主语后面跟有with,Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,togetherwith,except,but,hascometoChina.like,aswellas,nolessAwomanwithababywasonthebus.than,ratherthan,moreNobodybutJimandMikewasonthethan,besides,alongwith,playground.including,inadditiontoShe,likeyouandTom,isverytall.Thegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedto等引起的短语，谓语动speakJapanese.词要跟主语一致，即就Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanything远一致。aboutit.

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