201*高考英语语法知识点归纳总结:代词
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三、代词
I.代词可以分为以下八大类主格宾格1人称代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词234567类别反身代词指示代词疑问代词关系代词/连接代词不定代词相互代词区别I,you,he,she,it,we,you,theyme,you,him,her,it,us,you,themmy,your,his,her,its,our,theirmine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirsmyself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselvesthis,that,these,those,such,somewho,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whateverthat,which,who,whom,whose,asone/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittleother/another,all/both,neither/eithereachother,oneanother例句①We’vebeenlookingatthehousesbuthaven’tfound___welikeyet.A.oneB.onesC.itD.them②Carsdocauseussomehealthproblemsinfactfarmoreserious_______thanmobilephonesdo.A.oneB.onesC.itD.thoseYourcoffeesmellsgreat!It’sfromMexico.Wouldyoulike________?A.itB.someC.thisD.1ittle①Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.Pleasecorrectthemistakes,ifany.②WhichofthethreewaysshallItaketothevillage?________wayasyouplease.A.EachB.EveryC.AnyD.EitherThereisstillacopyofthebookinthelibrary.Willyougoandborrow?No,I’dratherbuyinthebookstore.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;itII.不定代词用法注意点one可以泛指人或者事(东西),其复数为onesone,some,any和itsome可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等some和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个one指同类中的一个,it指代同一种类的东西。此外it还可以作形式主语、形式宾语和用于强调句型中。版权所有@高考资源网高考资源网(ks5u.com)您身边的高考专家
some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句①There’s________cookingoilinthehouse.Wouldyougotothecornerstoreandget________.A.1ittle,someB.1ittle,anyC.alittle,someD.alittle,any②Wehadthreesetsofgardentoolsandweseemedtohavenousefor________.A.noneB.eitherC.anyD.each③Hedoesn’thave_________furnitureinhisroom--justanolddesk.A.anyB.manyC.someD.mucheach和everyeach强调个别,代表的数①Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary.Each(ofus)hasadictionary.=Weeachhavea可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指dictionary.的数必须是三个或三个②Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.以上no等于notany,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替①Thereisnowaterinthebottle.none和no不可数名词,谓语用单②Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.数,代替可数名词,谓语③Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.单复数皆可以other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:theotherday,everyotherweek,someotherreason,nootherway,theother特指两者中的另外一个,复数为theothersanother指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”other和another①Bothsideshaveaccusedofbreakingthecontract.A.anotherB.theotherC.neitherD.each②Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspassedtheexam.①Wehadapicniclasttermanditwasalotoffun,solet’shave______onethismonth.A.theotherB.someC.anotherD.other②Thetrousersaretoolong,pleasegivemeanotherpair/someothers.③Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.版权所有@高考资源网高考资源网(ks5u.com)您身边的高考专家
either和neither①Doyouwantteaorcoffee?______,Ireallydon"tmind.A.noneB.neitherC.either
前者意思为:两者都(两D.all者中任何一方都);②ItwashardforhimtolearnEnglishinafamily,in后者意思为:两者都which_____oftheparentsspokethelanguage.A.noneB.neitherC.bothD.each
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扩展阅读:201*高考英语语法知识点归纳总结:定语从句
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十二、定语从句
I.定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词人从句成分主语例句Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIwhom人宾语amworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsarewhose关系代词that人或物主语,宾语人或物定语abouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Thebook(which)Igaveyouwaswhich物主语,宾语worth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyas人或物主语,宾语allofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.when时间时间状语地点状语原因状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用onwhichas做宾语一般不省略whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that备注who关系副词where地点可用inwhichwhy原因可用forwhichII.that与which,who,whom的用法区别
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情况用法说明1.先行词为例句all,everything,1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修只用that的情况饰时3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4.先行词既指人又指物时5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6.句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情况III.as、which和that的区别从句限制性定语从句中例句Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.名词前有such和thesame修饰Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’t时,关系代词用as,不能用whichunderstand.as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。thesame...as指同类事物thesame...that指原物Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.(同类工具,不是同一把)That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用过的工具。区别非限制性定语从句中thesame...as和thesame...that注意:theway做先行词时,定语从句可由that,inwhich引导或不用引导词。IV.定语从句与其它从句(句型)的区别
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类别区别例句①MrLihasthreedaughters,noneof_____isan定语从句与并列句的主要区engineer.定语从句别在于:并列句有像and,but,②MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof_____isa与so等并列连词或两个句子用dancer.并列句分号连接,这时就不能再用引从结构上看,①小题是定语从句,故填whom;导定语从句的关系词了。②小题有并列连词but,是并列句,故填代词them。Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.定语从句的前面有名词作先行词,而状语从句没有先行词。这是几年前我们居住的地方。(定语从句,先行词为theplace)Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句)Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句)Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.当下课时己经是5点了。(时间状语从句)Thisisthefactoryinwhich(where)hisfatheronceworked.这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。(定语从句)Putbackthebookwhereitwas.把书放回原处。(状语从句)Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。(as用作动词like的宾语,它引导的是定语从句)Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.它是一本如此有趣的书,我们大家都喜欢它。(that不充当句子成分,故它引导的是结果状语从句)Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。(同位语从句)此句中的同位语从句Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexam可以改写成表语从句:Thenewsisthathepassedtheexam.Thenewsthathetoldusinterestedallofus.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。(定语从句)Thenewsthathetoldus是定语从句,此句不能改定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词,只能放在先行词的后面,而状语从句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以放在主句的前定语从句面。与状语从句When,where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词+which”的结构来替换,在引导状语从句时却不行。定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分,因此去掉它则从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分,去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词,对先行词起修饰、描定语从句述或限制的作用,与先行词之与间有从属关系。同位语的作用同位语从相当于名词,对前面的名词给句予补充说明或进一步解释,是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。版权所有@高考资源网高考资源网(ks5u.com)您身边的高考专家
写为:Thenewsisthathetoldus.强调句的结构为“Itis/was+被强调部分+that+从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外定语从句的任何成分,当被强调部分是与人时,还可用who代替that。强调句这一句型中,一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替that。①ItisonthemorningofMay1st_____ImetLiangWeiattheairport.②Itisthefactory_____MrWangworks.从结构上看:①小题是强调句,故填that。②小题则是定语从句,用上述方法转换便知thefactory前差个介词in,故填where。
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