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高一英语知识点总结

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高一英语知识点总结

冀同学,加加油啊

高一英语期末考试知识点归纳

黑色部分为易错点

模块一

重要词汇拓展

1achievementn.成就,功绩→achievev.达到,完成,实现2welfaren福利事业,福利

3.projectn.方案,计划,,设计,工程,企业,事业,科研项目;课外自修项目vi.①伸出,突出②设想自已处身于(into)

4.specialistn.专家,专业工作者→specialadj.特殊的,专门的→specializevi.专攻,专门从事5.connectionn.连接,关系→connectv.连接6.conditionn.状况(不可数),条件(可数),环境(复数)

onnocondition决不

7.organizationn.组织,机构,团体organizevt.组织;筹备,成立;使加入工会,使有条理8.behavev.举止,表现→behaviorn.行为,举止(可数名词)9.shaden.阴凉处v.遮住光线intheshadeof在。。。庇护下

10.▲worthwhileadj.值得的,值得做的Itisworthwhiledoingsth./todosth.

worthadj.值……,值得……beworthdoingworthyadj.值得做的,可尊敬的beworthyofsth/beingdonebeworthytobedone

11.observev.观察,观测,遵守→observationn.观察,观测12.respectv./n.尊敬,尊重,敬意→respectableadj.值得尊敬的,正派的,体面地→respectfuladj.有礼貌的,恭敬的

13.argue.v.争论,辩论→argumentn.争论,辩论argued-adj引起争论的

14.entertainment-n款待,娱乐entertain-v款待;招待,娱乐,抱有,怀着(想法、疑问)15.crowdn.人群,观众v.挤满,使拥挤→crowdedadj.拥挤的

16.inspirev.鼓舞,激发→inspiredadj.受到鼓舞的,有灵感的→inspiringadj.鼓舞人的

→inspirationn.鼓舞,灵感inspiresbtodosth激励某人做某事

17supportv.支持,拥护→supportern.支持者,拥护者18.refer-vi谈到,查阅,参考

19.intendv.计划,打算→intentionn.打算,目的,意图intendtodo/doingsth打算做某事20.considerateadj.考虑周到的→considerv.考虑,认为→considerationn考虑,体谅→consideringprep考虑到

21.kindadj仁慈的,和善的,友爱的kindnessn仁慈,好意,善良22.deliverv.递送,生(小孩),接生,发表(演讲等)→deliveryn.投递,交货,分娩23.modestadj谦虚的,谦让的,适度的

重点短语梳理

1devote…to(doing)sth.把…奉献给devoteoneselfto致力于,献身于bedevotedto专心致志于

2humanbeings人类

3moveoff离开,启程,出发

冀同学,加加油啊

4leada…life过着……的生活

5crowdin涌上心头,涌入脑海6lookdownon/upon蔑视,瞧不起

7referto查阅,参考,谈到(其中,to为介词)8bychance碰巧,凑巧

9.comeacross偶遇,碰见

10.carryon继续,坚持carryout实行,执行,完成11.bedressedin穿着…dressas打扮成…12.fightfor为….而战fightagainst与…战斗13.puttodeath判死刑14.concernoneselfwith…关注…注意…15.intendtodosth./doingsth.打算做某事16.intheshadeof在…的树荫下,在…的庇护下17.gaindoctor’sdegree获得博士学位18.beconsideredas被看做….

19.taketurnstodosth采取步骤做某事20.doresearchon…做…方面的研究

21.meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着22.bynow直到现在

模块2

重要词汇拓展

1sunburnv.日晒,晒黑→sunburntadj.晒黑的

2strugglev./n.挣扎,奋斗,努力struggleagainst与…作斗争strugglefor为…作斗争strugglewith

3decaden.十年,十年期

4supern.冗员,额外人员;[口]特级品,特大号商品;超级市场adj特级的,极好的,非凡的5.hungern.饥饿,渴望/v.使饥饿→hungryadj.饥饿的;渴望的6.outputn.产量,输出,input输入,消费

7.disturbingadj引起烦恼的,令人不安的,disturbv.打扰,麻烦8.expandvt.扩大,扩展,张开,使发,详谈;引伸9.circulatev.循环,流通→circulationn.循环,流传10.battlen.战役,战斗v.搏斗,奋斗11.thereforeadv.因此,所以12.ridvt摆脱,除去

13.freedomn自由,自主→freeadj自由的,免费的14.equipv.配备,装备→equipmentn.设备

15.exportv.输出,出口n.输出(品)→importv.输入,进口n.进口(品)16.nationalityn国籍,nationaladj国家的,民族的nationn.国家

17.occupationn工作,职业,占领occupyv.占用,使从事,把注意力集中于...占领,占据18.confusev.使迷惑,使为难→confusedadj.感到迷惑的confusingadj.令人迷惑的19regretv./n.后悔,遗憾→regretfuladj.后悔的,遗憾的

20.productionn.生产,制造,productive可生产的,可制造的,producev生产,制造

冀同学,加加油啊

21.discoveryn.发现,发觉,discover-v发现,22.focusv.集中,聚焦,n焦点,中心点

23.reducev.减少,缩减→reductionn.减少,缩减24commentn./v.评论,议论

重点短语梳理

1ifnot如果不….Ifso如果这样,

2.consideroneselfsth自认为是…considersbsth认为某人是…3.sincethen从那时起

4.searchforawaytodosth寻找做某事的途径。5.thanksto幸亏,由于,因为(to为介词)6.rid…of…摆脱,除去getridof除去…7.besatisfiedwith对……感到满意

8wouldratherdothando宁愿,宁可…也不…=woulddoratherthando9withthehopeof满怀希望..10.insomeway在某种程度上

11.causedamageto对…造成危害。12.buildup增强,强大

13.leadto导致,造成(to为介词)

14.focuson集中(注意力、精力等)于

15.keep…from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)

模块3

重要词汇拓展

1humourn.幽默→humorousadj.幽默的

2contentadj.满足的,满意的n.满足;内容v.使满足

3performern.表演者,演出者→performv.表演;做,履行,执行→performancen.表演,履行4astonishv.使惊讶→astonishingadj.令人惊讶的astonishedadj.感到惊讶的5fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunev.幸运,运气→fortunatelyadv.幸运地→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地6depressedadj.忧伤的,抑郁的,消沉的,萧条的depress-v使消沉,使沮丧,愁苦,使贬值,7.ordinaryadj.平常的,普通的

8.boredadj.厌烦的→borev.使厌烦→boringadj.令人厌烦的

9.entertainv.使欢乐,款待→entertainmentn.款待;娱乐,消遣10.throughoutprep.遍及,贯穿adv.到处,始终,全部11.homelessadj无家可归的,

12.wornadj用旧的,用坏的,破烂的13.overcomev.战胜,克服

14.convincev.使信服→convincingadj.令人信服的→convincedadj.相信的,信服的

15.directv.导演,指示,指挥adj.直的,直接的→directorn.导演,指挥→directlyadv.直地,

直接地→directionn.指导,方向

16.enjoymentn享乐,欢乐,乐趣

17.outstandingadj.突出的,杰出的,显著的

18.particularadj.特殊的,特别的→particularlyadv.特殊地,特别地

冀同学,加加油啊

19occasionn.时刻,场合→occasionaladj.偶尔的,临时的→occasionallyadv.偶尔地,有时地20.slidev./n.滑动,滑行

21.amusev.使发笑,使愉快→amusedadj.愉快的→amusingadj.逗人发笑的,令人愉快的→amusementn.愉快,快乐22.whisperv./n.耳语,低声说

23、reactv.做出反应,回应→reactionn.反应,回应reactto对…做出反应

重点短语梳理

1.breakinto闯入,进入2.uptonow直到现在

3.brightenthelivesof照亮某人的生活道路4.feel/becontentwith对……满足5.badlyoff穷的,缺少的6.insearchof寻找….

7.pickout挑选出,辨认出8.ontheedgeof在…边沿9.cutoff切断,断绝

10.insilence沉默,不作声11.makeuseof使用

12.beangryabout对…很生气13.starin担任主角,主演

模块4

重要词汇拓展

1.statement;n.陈述;说明state-vt.陈述;叙述;声明

2.greet-v问候,迎接,打招呼greetingn敬礼,致意greetings问候语,致词3.represent-v.代表,象征representative-n.代表4..association;n.社团;联系;联想associate;vt.使发生联系,使联合adj.associated联合的,关联的

5.curiousadj.好奇的curiouslyadv.好奇地6.dormitoryn宿舍

7.approach;vi.&vt.接近;靠近n.接近;方法;途径.approachable-adj.可到达的;可亲近的

8.defend-vt.保护;保卫defence-n.防卫;防卫设备;防御9.major--adj.主要的minor--adj.较小的;次要的10.dash-v猛冲,突进.

11.misunderstand-vt.误解;误会misunderstanding-n.误解;误会understanding--n.谅解,理解

12.adult-n成人,成年人adj成人的,成熟的

13.spoken-adj.口语的unspoken-adj.非口语的;未说出口的14.function-n作用,动能,只能v-起作用,运转15.likely--adj.可能的belikelytodosth16.falseadj错误的,假的true真的,正确的

冀同学,加加油啊

17.ease--n.安逸;舒适vt.减轻(痛苦;忧虑)easeful--adj.舒适的,安逸的18.truly--adv.真实地;真诚地;真正地true--adj.真实的,真正的19.anger-n.怒气;怒火angry--adj.生气的

重点短语梳理

1.defendagainst保卫…以免受2.intruducesbtosb向某人介绍某人

3.kisssbonsomepart亲吻某人的某个部位4.indefence防御,保障5.togetherwith与某人一起

6.belikelyto很可能…;有希望…

7.reachone’shandouttosth把手伸出来取某物8.onthecontrary相反9.nodatsb向某人点头

10.greetsbwith/by通过…向某人问候greettosb向某人问好11.expressone’sfeelings表达某人的感情12.ingeneral总的来说;通常13.atajobfair在求职会上

14.benervousabout对…感到紧张15.atease舒适;快活;自由自在16.loseface丢脸

17.turnone’sbackto背对;背弃18.turnone’sheadaway把头转过去19.bewillingto渴望….,愿意….

20.lookupsetaboutsth对..感到沮丧

模块5

重要词汇拓展

1central-adj.中心的;中央的centre-n.中心;中央

2.various-adj.不同的;各种各样的variety-n.多样性;(植物)品种vary-v使..多样化3.whichever-pron无论哪一个,任何一个

4.fantasy--n.幻想;怪念头fantasticadj.奇异的;稀奇古怪的fantastn.幻想家;5.amusement-.n.消遣;娱乐(活动)amuse-vt.使发笑;使愉快amused--adj.愉快的,6.swing--n.秋千;摇摆vt.&vi.(swung,swung)摇摆;摆动

7.attaction_n.有吸引力的事物;吸引attract-vt.吸引attractive-adj.吸引人的8.tourism--n.旅游业tourist-n.旅行者,旅游者9.whereever-pron无论是什么地方,各处

10.unique--adj.独一无二的;仅有的uniquely--adv.独特地;唯一地11.engine引擎,发动机

12.preserve-vt保存,保留n保护区presevation-n保护,保留13.length-n长度,长,long-adj长的14.sword-n剑

15.settle-v定居,安顿下来settler-n移民者,殖民者

冀同学,加加油啊

16.athletic--adj.运动的athlete-n.运动员;运动选手athletics-n.体育(运动);17.translator-n.译员;翻译translate;vt.翻译;translationn.翻译;译文

18.minority;-n.少数;少数民族minoradj.较小的;次要的majorityn.多数;19.advance;vt.&vi.前进;促进;提前advanced--adj.高级的;年老的;先进的20.admission-n.允许进入;入场费admitvt.承认;容许;承认;接纳21.Freeway高速公路22.souvenir纪念品

重点短语梳理

1.befamousfor以…而闻名

2.nowonder(that)难怪;不足为奇3.bemodeledafter根据…模仿;仿造4.inadvance提前5.getcloseto接近

6.cometolife活跃起来

7.befamiliarwith熟悉,熟知

8.makeavailablefor使….可供…之用。

扩展阅读:高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit1-2

☆重点句型☆

1.Whatshouldafriendbelike?询问对方的看法2.Ithinkhe/sheshouldbe…表示个人观点的词语

3.Ienjoyreading/I"mfondofsinging/Ilikeplayingcomputergames.等表示喜好的词语4.Chuckisonaflightwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.“when"作并列连词的用法

5.What/Who/When/Whereisitthat...?强调句的特殊疑问句结构

6.WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday,...“with+宾语+宾补”的结构做状语

7.Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?带连接副词(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法☆重点词汇☆1.especiallyv.特别地2.imaginev.想像

3.aloneadv./adj.单独,孤独的4.interestn.兴趣

5.everydayadj.每天的,日常的6.desertedadj.抛弃的7.huntv.搜寻8.sharev.分享

9.carev.在乎,关心10.totaln.总数

11.majorityn.大多数12.survivev.生存,活下来13.adventuren.冒险14.scaredadj.吓坏的15.admitv.承认

16.whileconj.但是,而17.boringadj.令人厌烦的18.exceptprep.除……之外19.qualityn.质量

20.favouriteadj.最喜爱的☆重点短语☆1.befondof爱好

2.treat…as…把……看作为……

3.makefriendswith与……交朋友

4.arguewithsb.about/oversth.与某人争论某事5.huntfor寻找6.inorderto为了

7.share…with与……分享8.bringin引进;赚钱

9.agreat/goodmany许多…

10.havedifficulty(in)doing做……有困难11.endupwith以……结束12.exceptfor除……之外13.comeabout发生14.make(a)fire生火

15.makeyourselfathome别拘束16.themajorityof大多数17.dropsb.aline给某人写短信18.forthefirsttime第一次19.atall根本;竟然

20.havea(good)knowledgeof…精通……☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语,请你根据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词,每个词4分,80分才能过关,你一定能过关,做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?l.befond____喜欢,爱好of

2.hunt____搜索。追寻,寻找for3.into____为了order

4.care____担心,关心about5.such____例如,诸如as

6.dropsba____给某人写信(通常指写短信)line7.makeoneselfat____别客气home8.____total总共in

9.except____除了……之外for10.stay____不睡,熬夜up11.____about发生come12.end____with以……告终up13.bring____引进,引来in

14.agreat____许许多多,极多many

15.be____对……深感兴趣,深深迷上……into16.____theInternet上网surf

17.____classes逃学,逃课skip

18.get____聚会,相聚,聚集together19.beproud____为……感到骄傲of20.keepan____on照看,注意eye21.becurious____对……感到好奇about22.shut____(使)住口up23.joke____开玩笑about24.____thenameof以……名义in25.____thetime总是,一直all☆交际用语☆1.Ithink…

Ilike/love/hate...Ienjoy...

Myinterestsare...

2.Didyouhaveagoodflight?Youmustbeverytired.Justmakeyourselfathome.Ibegyourpardon?

Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?Getit.

☆单词聚焦☆

1.arguev.的用法

▲构词:argumentn.1.[C]争论2.[U]讨论.辩论3.[C]论据▲搭配:

①arguewith/againstsb.over/on/aboutsth.与某人争论某事②arguefor/againststh.辩论赞成/反对某事

③arguethat...主张,认为,争辩说

④arguesbinto/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事

▲友情提示:“说服某人做/不做某事”还可表达为:talk/persuade/reasonsb.into/outofdoingsth.

⑤settletheargument解决争端

▲友情提示:anargumentwithsbabout/oversth.为某事和某人而发生的争执

【考例】Whatlaughing____wehadaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghetti(意大利式细面条)fromplatetomouth.(201*全国卷I)A.speechesB.lessonsC.sayingsD.arguments[考查目标]argue名词形式的词义。

[答案与解析]Dargument的词义是“争辩,辩论”。2.comparev.的用法

▲构词:comparisonn.比较

▲搭配:①compare...to...比拟;比作②compare...with/to...将……和……相比较③comparenotes对笔记;交换意见

【考例】____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(201*湖北)

A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared[考查目标]compare的用法。

[答案与解析]D本句compare用在句首作状语,并有“被比较”的意思。3.considerv.的用法

▲构词:considerationn.考虑,思考;体谅,顾及▲搭配:①considerdoingsth.考虑做某事②considersb(tobe/as)...认为/觉得某人……③considerthat-clause认为……④takesthintoconsideration考虑⑤underconsideration在考虑中

【考例】CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(NMET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented[考查目标]consider的几种常见用法。

[答案与解析]Cconsider本身是被动语态时,后接不定式的各种结构。如果表示已经发生的事情.用不定式的完成形式。

4.desertedadj.空无一人的;被遗弃的;被抛弃的

(1)空无一人的adesertedstreet/area空无一人的街道,地区;Theofficewasquitedeserted.办公室里空无一人。

(2)被遗弃的adesertedchild被遗弃的孩子

(3)desert["dezot]n.沙漠

desert[dI"zo:t]vt.丢弃;遗弃

Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenafterbecomingrich.

5.difficultyn.

(1)difficulty(通常作复数)难事,难点,难题Shemetwithmanydifficultieswhentravelling.(2)在以下句型中,difficulty是不可数名词,不能用复数形式。have(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.

干某事有困难thereis(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.have(some)difficultywithsth.

在某事上有困难

thereis(some)difficultywithsth.

dosth.withdifficulty/withoutdifficulty困难地/轻而易举地做某事Wehadalotofdifficultyinfindingyourhouse.DoyouhaveanydifficultywithyourEnglish?【注意】

(1)以上句型中,difficulty前可加some,little,much,alotof,no,any修饰(2)以上句型中,亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。

6.favourite=favorite(A.E)最喜爱的;最喜爱的人或事物(1)adj.最喜爱的Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.

(2)n.[C]最喜爱的人或事物Heisafavoritewithhisuncle.7.fun的用法

▲构词:funnyadj.有趣的.滑稽的,好笑的;奇特的,古怪的

▲搭配:

①makefunof取笑;嘲弄;开某人的玩笑

②(just)for/infun=(just)forthefunofit取乐,非认真地,说/做着玩的③befulloffun……很好玩

④havefunwithsb.和某人开一个玩笑

⑤have(some)fun玩得(很)高兴,玩得(很)开心

⑥It"s(great)funtodosth干某事很有趣;干某事真是一件趣事;干某事真开心⑦Whatfun(itis)todosth!干某事多么有趣呀!⑧havealotoffundoingsth干某事玩得很开心

【考例】(200上海春招)Thisisnotamatch.We"replay-ingchessjustfor____.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game[考查目标]fun构成的短语forfun的意思。

[答案与解析]C,forfun常在句中用作状语,意思是“说/做着玩的”。8.imagine的用法

▲构词:①imaginationn.[C/U]想像,想像力,想像的事物②imaginativeadj.富有想像力的

▲搭配:①imaginesth/doingsth②beyond(all)imagination(完全)出乎意料地

【考例】IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(MET1991)A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed[考查目标]imagine的基本用法。

[答案与解析]Cimagine后接动词的-ing形式,本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。9.interest的用法

interestvt.使……感兴趣n.兴趣,爱好[U]利息;利润Hehasagreatinterestinpolitics.他对政治极感兴趣。/abroadinterest广泛的利益/acommoninterest共同的利益/astronginterest极强的兴趣

▲构词:①interesting令人感兴趣的(事物)②interested(某人对某事)有兴趣的

▲搭配:①interestsbinsth使某人注意,关心或参入某事;使某人对某事感兴趣②beinterestedin对……感兴趣(关心)③haveaninterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面有兴趣(关心);在……中有股份、权益等④holdone"sinterest吸引住某人的兴趣⑤intheinterest(s)of为……利益;为……起见;对……有利⑥loseinterestin对……不再感兴趣⑦show/take(an)interestin/indoingsth.对……表示关心(有兴趣)⑧have/take/feelnointerestin对……不(不太)感兴趣⑨withinterest有兴趣地,津津有味地⑩develop/find/feelinterestinsth./indoingsth.在某方面培养/有兴趣loseinterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面失去兴趣

有时interest可与不定冠词连用。Hedevelopedaninterestinscience.

另外:interest作“爱好”解时,是可数名词。Hisinterestsincludereadingandtennis.【考例】____,theyimmediatelysuggestedthatsheputthemtogethertomakeasingleonelongstoryandpaidTracya$50,000advance.(201*全国卷II)A.InterestedB.AnxiouslyC.SeriouslyD.Encouraged

[考查目标]interest派生词的词义和用法。

[答案与解析]Ainterested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。10.prove的用法

▲构词:①proofn.证据。试验,考验,(印刷)校样

▲搭配:①provesthtosb向某人证实……②provetosbthat从句向某人证实……③prove(oneself)tobe证明(自己)是,表现出

【考例】ItwasintheneighboringcountryUnitedStatesthatsuchresistancetospraywasfirst____.(05长春模拟)

A.provedB.killedC.thoughtD.discussed[考查目标]考查prove的意思。

[答案与解析]A本题wasproved的意思是“得到证实”,有被动意味。

11.provide的用法

▲构词:①providern.供给者,供应者,养家者②provided/providingconj.倘若▲搭配:providesbwithsth/sthtosb给……提供;以……装备

【考例】Hisson____theoldmanwithallthefoodandthemoneyheneeded.A.providedB.fedC.affordedD.charred[考查目标]考查provide的词义。

[答案与解析]Aprovide与with搭配,意思是“向某人提供某物”。

12.share的用法

▲搭配:①share(in)sth.withsth.和某人分享、分担、共用某物②sharesth(out)between/among...将某物分配、分给……③sharejoys/happinessandsorrows(withsb)(和某人)同

甘共苦④shareone"sopinion同意某人的意见

【考例】LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell,Clareyoumustlearnto____.(NMET201*)A.supportB.careC.spareD.share[考查目标]此题主要考查在语境中选择动词的能力。

[答案与解析]D四个选项的含义分别为:support支持;care在意,关心;spare挤出(时间),匀出某物;share分享,分担,与某人合用。根据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩,share在此意为“合用玩具”,解此题的关键是信息playwithyourtoysaswell。故D为最佳答案。13.solve的用法

▲构词:solutionn.1.[C](问题的)解答;(困难的)解决方法2.[U]解答,解决3.[U]溶解▲搭配:thesolutionto解决……的办法

【考例3】Intheend,onesuggestionseemstobethesolution____theproblem.(201*北京春招)

A.withB.intoC.forD.to[考查目标]solve名词solution的相关搭配。

[答案与解析]D“对于……的解决办法”,介词用to。

14.totaln./adj.全部(的)

(1)intotal加起来Intotal,theremusthavebeen201*0peoplethere.(2)atotalof总共Hisexpenses(支出)reachedatotalof$100.(3)thetotalof...……的总数Thetotal0fthebillis230dollars.

15.whenconj.

when并列连词,=andthen,表示“就在那时,突然”,常见以下句型中:

(1)bedoing...when...正在做……突然……Iwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenlcaughtsightofatailor"sshop.

(2)haddone...when...刚做了……突然……Ihadjustsatdownwhenthelightwentout.(3)beabouttodo...when...刚要做……突然……Iwasjustabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidesawmeandshoutedatme.

16.whileconj.

(1)while从属连词,引导时间状语从句,从句动词用延续性动词,主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Comeon,getthesethingsawaywhileImakethetea.

(2)并列连词,表前后两个分句意义相反或相对,意为“然而”。Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven"tenough.(3)放在句首,表示“尽管;虽然”,相当于although。Whilewedon"tagree,wecontinuetobefriendly.

[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空:

(compare,interest,fun,solve,argue,consider,share)

1.Allthenovelsareconsidered____theyoungreadersinthe1980s.(tohaveinterested)2.Bobthoughtit____tosolvemathsproblemswhileothershatedit.(fun)

3.Theheadmasterignoredthe____betweenMrs.Wangandhisnephew.(argument)4.Wecan"tdecide.Theplanneedstobe____.(considered)

5.____withClassTwo,ourshasmoreboystudents.(Compared)

6.Ifindabetterway____thisproblem.(tosolve)

7.Nearlyhalfofthecompanies____thesameopinionwiththegovernment.(share/shared)【词语比较】

1.especially,specially

especiallyadv.特殊地;尤其是

(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比较突出的。Ilikeallthesubjectsatschool,especiallyEnglish.(尤其是英语)

(2)especially后可接介词短语或从句。IliketheYueluMountains,especiallyinspring.(尤其是在春天)Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.specially侧重特意地、专门地做某事(后面常接forsb.或todosth.)Imadeachocolatecakespeciallyforyou.2.boring,bored,bore

boringadj.令人厌烦的Thebookisveryboring.boredadj.感到厌烦的I"mboredwiththebook.borevt.令人厌烦Thisbookboresme.

有些表示情感的及物动词,有与bore类似的用法。如:interest,excite,surprise,amaze,frighten,astonish,move,inspire,touch,scare,disappoint,puzzle,worry这类词的现在分词形式,为“令人……”;过去分词形式,为“感到……”。

3.exceptfor,except,but,besides

表示“除了”的词或短语有:except;but;exceptfor;besides;exceptthat(when...)等。(1)except和but都表示“除了……之外。没有”,二者大多数情况下可以互换;但在no,all,nobody,nothing,noone等词后多用but。Nooneknowsourteacher"saddressexcept/buthim.(排除him)

(2)besides除……之外,还……,有附加性。WhatotherforeignlanguagesdoyouknowbesidesEnglish?(English与otherlanguages都属于know的范围)

(3)exceptfor只不过……,整体肯定,部分修正,用于排除非同类事物,for表示细节上的修正。Yourarticleiswellwrittenexceptforafewspellingmistakes.

4.know,knowof,knowabout

(1)know用作动词,意思是“(直接地)获知,懂得,认识,熟悉”。Idon"tknowwhetherheishereornot./Iknowhimtobehonest.

(2)knowof和knowabout的意思都是“(间接地)获知”,指听别人说到或从书报上看到,二者没有什么区别。

5.forexample;suchas

(1)forexample“例如”,用来举例说明某一论点或情况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例,作插入语,可位于句首、句中或句末。可用forinstance替换。Forexample,airisinvisible./Hisspellingisterrible!Lookatthisword,forexample.

(2)suchas“例如”,用来列举事物,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as后面不可有逗号。SomeoftheEuropeanLanguagescomefromLatin,suchasFrench,ItalianandSpanish.

[注意]如把前面所述情况全部举出,用thatis或namely。☆短语归纳☆1.含all的短语

1)firstofall首先(强调顺序)2)inall(=intotal=altogether)总共3)afterall毕竟,终究4)atall到底,根本

5)aboveall最重要的是(强调重要性)

6)not(...)atall(=not(...)intheleast)根本不,一点也不7)allthetime始终,一直

8)allofasudden(=suddenly)突然,冷不防9)allright行,可以

10)allatonce立刘,马上11)alldayandallnight日日夜夜12)allover遍及

13)allalone独个儿,独立地14)allbut几乎,差一点15)allinall总的说来

16)alltogether一道,同时,总共17)forall尽管

[例句]Iwokeupanddidn"thearhimatall.我醒了,一点儿也没有听到他说话。/Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了很多跤,以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/Youshouldn"tscoldher.Afterall,sheisonlyfiveyearsold.你不应该责怪他,毕竟,她只有五岁。/Childrenneedmanythings,butaboveall,theyneedlove.孩子需要许多东西,最重要的是,需要爱。/Youmusthaveknownitallthetime.你一定一直知道这事。

【考例】PeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutKaren,butIadmireher.____,sheisagreatmusician.(201*甘肃、青海)

A.AfterallB.AsaresultC.InotherwordsD.Asusual[考查目标]主要考查四个短语的用法。

[答案与解析]Aafterall意为“毕竟.终究”;asaresult意为“结果”;inotherwords意为“换句话说”;asusual意为“像往常一样”。本句意思是:虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。因为她毕竟是一个伟大的音乐家。【考例】I"dliketobuyahouse--modern,comfortable,and____inaquietneighborhood.(201*福建)

A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall[考查目标]主要考查all构成的四个短语。

[答案与解析]Binall意为“总共”;aboveall意为“最重要的是”;afterall意为“毕竟”;atall意为“到底”。本句话意思是:我想买一个房子,现代的、舒服的,但最重要的是在一个安静的地区。

2.atall

(1)用在肯定句中,“竟然”I"msurprisedthatyoucameatall.

(2)用在否定句中,“一点也不”Therewasnothingtoworryaboutatall.(3)用在疑问句中,“到底”“究竟”Haveyoubeenthereatall?(4)用在条件句中,“真的,确实”Ifyoudoitatall,doitwell.3.含“be+形容词+介词”的短语1)begoodat擅长于

2)beinterestedin对……感兴趣

3)bepleased/satisfied/contentwith对……满意4)befamousfor因……而出名5)bekind/goodto对……好6)belostin沉湎于

7)beactivein在某方面积极

8)besureabout/of确信9)beafraidof害怕10)befullof充满11)befilledwith充满

12)bemadeof/from由……组成13)begenerousto对……慷慨14)bepopularwith受欢迎15)beconfidentof确信16)befondof喜欢,喜爱17)beangrywith/at对……发脾气

18)belatefor迟到

19)beamazed/surprised/astonished/shockedat对……感到惊讶20)bebusydoing忙着做……

21)beexcitedabout对……感到兴奋22)beworriedabout担心23)beusedfor/as用于

24)becuriousabout对……好奇

[例句]LinLinisconfidentofhisabilitytogetworkforhimself.林林确信自己有能力做这活。Hewasgeneroustoeverybodywithmoney,asaresult,hesavedlittle.他对谁花钱都很慷慨,结果没有攒到多少钱。Sheisveryactiveinhelpingthepoor.在帮助穷人方面,她很热心。Popmusicispopularwiththeyounggeneration.流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢迎。Lostinthought,hedidn"trealizethatIcamein.他陷入思考之中,没有意识到我进来了。IwasamazedatthesightsothatIdidn"tknowwhattodo.看到这一幕我非常惊讶,不知道该做什么。StudentsinSenior3arebusypreparingforthecomingfinalexam.高三学生在忙于准备即将到来的期末考试。【考例l】(201*重庆)

--Youknow,Bobisalittleslow____understanding,so...--SoIhavetobepatient____him.

A.in;withB.on;withC.in;toD.at;for[考查目标]同定搭配中介词的选择。

[答案与解析]Abeslowin意为“在……方面反应迟钝”,bepatientwith意为“对……有耐心”。

4.endupwith...以……结束

(1)endupwith+n.以……结束

ThepartyendedupwiththesingingofAuldLangSyne.

(2)endupas...最后成为…Hewillendupasapresidentsomeday.

(3)endup+地点状语最后(有……结局)Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,you"llend(up)in

hospital.

5.“make+名词”短语①makeanoise吵闹

②makefaces做鬼脸,做苦脸③makeroomfor给……腾出地方④makethebed整理床铺⑤makephonecalls打电话⑥makefriendswith交朋友

⑦makemoney赚钱

⑧makeuseof利用

⑨makeadecision做出决定⑩makeamistake犯错误

[例句]Theboymadeafaceathisteacherwhensheturnedherback.老师转身时,男孩朝老师做了个鬼脸。

Workinginthekitchenmadetheboyintoagoodcook.在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。

Theyweremovedouttoanearbyhotel,tomakeroomformoreimportantpersons.为了给更重要的人物腾出

地方,他们被搬到了附近的一家旅店。

【考例】TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto____.(201*北京春招)

A.makeitoutB.makeitoffC.makeitupD.makeitover[考查目标]主要考查make短语。

[答案与解析]Amakeout意为“领悟、弄明白、发现真相”makeoff意为“连忙跑掉”;makeup意为“弥补、打扮、组成”;makeover意为“转让、改造”。因为受到迷惑,所以应该是试图发现真相。【考例】

--Whenshallwestart?

--Let"s____itat8:30.Isthatallright?(201*北京)

A.setB.meetC.makeD.take[考查目标]此题主要考查make短语。

[答案与解析]Cmakeit“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把出发的时间定在8点半”。set意思是“对时间”、“调时间”。6.makefire点火

有以下fire(n.)短语:beonfire着火了(表示状态)/catchfire燃着;着火(表示动作)/playwithfire玩火;干冒险的事/Setsth.onfire=setfiretosth.放火烧……/make(a)fire点火;生火/start(cause)afire引起火灾

[注意]fire作“火灾”“一堆火”解时,为可数名词。7.agreat/goodmany许多

(1)agreat/goodmany+名词复数,中间无“of”。Agreatmanypeoplehaveseenthefilm.(2)agreat/goodmany+of+the/these/those/one"s+名词复数Agreatmanyofthepeoplehaveseenthefilm.

8.makeyourselfathome别拘束

(1)makeyourselfathome别拘束(主人对客人说的委婉语)--Goodevening,Jim.--Goodevening,Mary.Comeinandmakeyourselfathome.

(2)(all)byoneself独自(没有别人帮助)Youcan"tpossiblydoitallbyyourself.

(3)enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得高兴Pleaseenjoyyourselfwhileyou"respendingyourholidayinHawaii.

(4)foroneself亲自;为自己Thestudentwantstothinkitforhimself./Oneshouldnotliveforoneselfalone.

(5)ofoneself自动地Thedoorclosedofitselfsuddenly.

(6)beoneself身体或情绪好Iamnotmyselftoday.

(7)helponeselfto+n./pron.随便……Pleasehelpyourselftothefish.(8)inoneself本身Thisisnotabadideainitself.

(9)cometooneself苏醒Theinjuredmancametohim-selfinfiveminutes.(10)betweenourselves私下说的话Allthisisbetweenourselves.

9.themajorityof...大多数的……

(1)a/themajorityof+名词复数,作主语时,谓语动词多用复数。themajority单独作主语,谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。Themajorityofpeopleseemtopreferwatchinggamestoplayinggames./Themajoritywere(was)infavouroftheproposal.

(2)byamajorityof+数字,以超过……票的多数Shewontheelectionbyamajorityof900votes.

10.treat…as…把…看做…Thekindladytreatedmeasherowndaughter.【比较】表示“认为”的短语还有:

regard…as…consider…(as)…thinkof…as…

lookon/upon…as…take…for…

[注意]在consider…as…短语中as可省略,其他短语中不可。[牛刀小试2]

1.Ifyouare____aboutAustraliancities,justreadthebookwrittenbyDr.Johnson.A.interestedB.anxiousC.upsetD.curious2.Herson,____whomshewasso____,wentabroad10yearsago.A.of;lovedB.for;cared

C.to;devotedD.on;affected

3.Inordertocontinuetolearnbyourselveswhenwehaveleftschool,wemust____learnhowtostudyintheschoolnow.

A.inallB.afterallC.aboveallD.atall4.--IamsorryIdidn"tdoagoodjob.

--Nevermind.____,youhavetriedyourbest.

A.AboveallB.InallC.AtallD.Afterall

5.Sincewecan"tfindabiggerapartment,we"llhaveto____whatwehave.A.hopeforthebestB.makeroomforC.makethebestofD.layourhopeon(DCCDC)【句型归纳】

1.Idon"tenjoysinging,nordoIlikecomputers.我不喜欢唱歌,也不喜欢电脑。/RockmusicisOK,andsoisskiing.摇滚音乐还可以,滑雪也行。

这两句中nor与so用于倒装结构。例如:Idon"tknow,nordoIcare.我不知道,也不关心。so的常见句型有:

(1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(意为“主语也……”)

(2)neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(意为“主语也不……”)

(3)soitis/waswithsb/sth和soitis/wasthesamewithsb/sth(意为“主语也……”)(用在前文有两个或以上的从句,而且分句有不同的谓语或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系动词义有行为动词的情况)

(4)so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词(意为“主讲确实如此”),表示进一步肯定。

(5)主语+did+so(意为“主语按照吩咐做了”)。

【考例】Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,____.(201*全国III)A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.Johndoesn"ttooD.nordoesJohn

[考查目标]nor表示“也不”引导的倒装结构。

[答案与解析]D由never可以判断该句为否定句。空格处句意为“约翰也没读书”。nor,so,neither可引起倒装句。

2.Chuckisabusinessmanwhoisalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.查克是个生意人,他总是那么忙,几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。

该句中so...that...和such...that...都能连接结果状讲从句,但要注意词序不同。例如:Joanissuchalonelygirlthatallofuslikeher.=Sheissolovelyagirlthatwealllikeher.常见句型:

(1)such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+thatclause(2)such+形容词+复数可数名词+thatclause(3)such+形容词+不可数名词+thatclause

(4)so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+thatclause(5)so+形容词/副词+thatclause

(6)so+many/few+复数可数名词+thatclause(7)so+much/little+不可数名词+thatclause

注意:①当little不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时,仍然要用such。②当so+adj./adv.或such+n.位于句首时,主句需要倒装。

【考例】Sodifficult____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.(201*上海)

A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel

[考查目标]so+adj.位于句首时,主句倒装。

[答案与解析]DA、C语序不对,排除。B时态不对。

3.OnedayChuckisonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.一天,查克在飞越太平洋时.他的飞机突然坠毁了。该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”,相当于andjust或andatthattime.这时不能用while/as替换。

常见句型:(1)beabouttodosthwhen...(2)bedoingsthwhen...(3)beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...

【考例】Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.(201*北京春招)A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before[考查目标]"when"作连词,表示“正在这时”。

[答案与解析]A意为“我正在湖中游泳,突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型。4.Hehastolearnhowtocollectwater,huntforfood,andmakefire.他不得不学会收集淡水.寻找食物,生火什么的。

该句中的“howItocollect...”为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如:Wemustdecidewhichonetobuy.疑问词which,what,how,when,where等与小定式构成不定式短语。

【考例】I"veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknewwhat____inmynewjob.(NMET201*)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects[考查目标]whattodosth不定式短语作宾语。

[答案与解析]B该句需要填非谓语动词。排除A、D。句意为“以前我与孩子在一块儿工作过。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示进行,排除C。

5.Inordertosurvive,ChuckdevelopedafriendshipwithanunusualfriendavolleyballhecalledWilson.为了生存下去,查克和一位不寻常的朋友--“排球”建立了友谊,查克叫他威尔森。

1.该句中的"inorderto",意思为“为了,以便”,作目的状语。在句子中作同的状语的常见句型有五种结构:todosth/inordertodosth/soastodosth/inorderthatclause/sothatclause

注意:(1)soastodosth不能位于句首。(2)如果主句与从句的主语一致时,四个结构可以相互转换。(3)在inorderthat/sothat引导的从句中,谓语动词常与can,could,may,might等情态动词连用。

【考例】(201*北京)I"dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat[考查目标]目的状语。

[答案与解析]Dassoonas“一…就…”;asaresult“结果是”;incase“万一”;sothat“以便,为的是”。句意:“我想提前二十分钟到以便有时间喝杯茶”。

2.该句子中volleyball是作同位语。例如:Headvisedfarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theonesthathadthebestcolor.

注意:这种同位语(不是同位语从句)与非限制性定语从句的区别。

【考例】(NMET201*)Meetingmyuncleaftertheseyearswasanunforgottenmoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.

A.thatB.oneC.itD.what[考查目标]one作同位语,指代amoment。

[答案与解析]Bthat不能引导非限制性定语从句,排除A;if不能作同位语,排除C;what既不能引导非限制定语从句,也不能作同位语。可以填which,这样就成了非限制性定语从句。

6.ForalongtimethelanguageinAmericastayedthesame,whilethelanguageinEnglandchanged.长期以来,美国英语保持不变,但英国英语变化了。

1.该句中的“while"用作并列连词.表示前后对比,意为“然而”。“while"充当连词,还能引导时间状语从句。意为“duringthetimethat…”;引导让步状语从句,意为“although…”。2.该句中的"stay"为系动词。后接表语(thesame)。除了stay外,常见的系动词还有:become,get,turn,grow,go,come,run,fall,keep,stay,remain。

【考例】(NMET201*)Whydon"tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill____freshforseveraldays.

A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed[考查目标]系动词的用法。

[答案与解析]B系动词没有被动语态,一般不用进行

时态,排除A、C;句意不是表示完成,排除D。系动词表示状态。7.forthefirsttime第一次

(1)forthefirsttime第一次,后面不加从句,在句中作状语TheycametoBeijingforthefirsttime.

(2)thefirsttime名词短语,在从句中充当连词,后接时间状语从句,不接that,when等连词。有同样用法的短语还有:everytime;nexttime;thelasttimeTheylikedBeijingthefirsttimetheywentthere.

(3)It"s/Thisisthefirsttimethat+从句(用现在完成时)这是……的第一次It"sthefirsttimethatIhaveeverbeenabroadatall.8.Whatisitthat...?是什么……?强调句的用法:

(1)结构:Itis/Itwas(过去时间)+被强调部分+that/who(专指人)+其他部分(2)用法:除了谓语动词不能强调,句子的每部分均可强调。Jimmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.

主语宾语地点状语时间状语

强调主语:ItwasJimwho/thatmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.强调宾语:Itwasthestudentwhom/thatJimmetinthestreetlastweek.强调地点状语:ItwasinthestreetthatJimmetthestudentlastweek.强调时间状语:ItwaslastweekthatJimmetthestudentinthestreet.(3)注意点:

一般疑问句的强调句:

WasitDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?特殊疑问句的强凋句:

Whoisitthatwillvisitourclass?Whereisitthathehasgone?Whenwasitthatshewent?not…until…用于强调句:

ItwasnotuntilthenthatIrealizedIwaswrong.[牛刀小试3]

1.--Iwouldneverevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!--____.(201*广西)

A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldI

C.SamewithmeD.SodoI

2.Wecan"timagine____littlemicecaneatup____manycropseveryyear.

A.so;soB.such;soC.such;suchD.so;so

3.Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.

A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.once

4.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovern-mentknows____.(NMET201*)A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit

5.Rosesneedspecialcare___theycanlivethroughwinter.

(201*天津)

A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as(BBACB)【交际速成】

1.Talkingaboutlikesanddislikes.谈论喜欢和不喜欢--IenjoyChinesefoodverymuch.--____.(03东北三校)

A.PleasetastequicklyB.Havemore,please

C.HelpyourselfD.Eatslowlywhileitishot

[答案与解析]C本题主要考查具体语境下“对事物喜好”的表达及应答。A项不礼貌,B、D

两项属汉语习惯,C项符合此时英语语境。

【归纳】英语中常见表达喜欢和不喜欢态度的用语有:(1)Thisbookisveryinteresting.

(2)Ilike/lovethemovie(verymuch).(3)Ilike/lovetoplaycomputergames.(4)Iliketakingphotos.

(5)Ienjoylisteningtomusic.

(6)I"minterestedinscience.Myhobbies/interestsare...(7)Heisfondofmusic.(8)Thissongisbad/awful.

(9)Idon"tlikethemovieverymuch/atall.(10)Idon"tenjoycollectingstamps.(11)Ihatetodohomework.Ihatedancing,(12)I"mnotintoclassicmusic.

(13)Ithinkthatclassicmusicisterrible/boring.2.Makingapologies道歉

--I"msorryI"mcallingyousolate.--____Okay.

(201*北京春招)

A.ThisisB.You"reC.That"sD.I"m

[答案与解析]C本题主要考查英语中道歉及应答用语。A、B、D三项不符合交际英语的习惯,故C项正确。

【归纳】英语中常见道歉用语有:

(1)I"mverysorry.Ididn"tmeanto(hurtyourfeelings).(2)I"mterriblysorryaboutthat.

(3)I"mafraidI"vebroughtyoutoomuchtrouble.(4)Pleaseexcusemecominglate.(5)Pleaseforgiveme.(6)Excuseme,please.(7)Ibegyourpardon.应答表达有:(1)That"s/It"sallright.(2)That"s/It"sOK.(3)Nevermind.(4)Itdoesn"tmatter.(5)It"snothing.(6)Forgetit.

(7)Don"tworryaboutthat.

(8)Don"tmentionit.

3.Talkingaboutlanguagedifficultiesincommunication谈论语言交际困难--I"msorry.Ican"tcatchyou.____--OK,it"sBLACK.

A.Wouldyoupleasewalkslowly?B.Idon"tunderstandyou.C.What"sthemeaningofthisword?

D.Wouldyoupleaserepeatitmoreslowly?

[答案与解析]D本题主要考查语言交际困难的功能意念。catch在整个语境中是“听见,听清”的意思,A项错误理解了catch在此处的意思,B、C两项语义不连贯,故正确答案是D。【归纳】英语中常见的谈论语言交际困难的用语有:(1)Pardon?/Ibegyourpardon.(2)Sorry,Ican"tfollowyou.

(3)Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please?(4)Howdoyousay...inEnglish."?

(5)Idon"tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.(6)Idon"tknowthewordinEnglish.(7)Howdoyouspellit,please?(8)I"msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.

(9)Couldyourepeatthat,please?Couldyousaythatagain,please?

(10)Whatdoyoumeanbykillingtime?[牛刀小试4]

1.--____Ididn"thearyouclearly.It"stoonoisyhere.--Iwassayingthatthepartywasgreat.A.Repeat.B.Onceagain.C.Sorry?D.Sowhat?2.--Doyoulikeahousewithnogarden?

--____.Butanyhow,it"sbettertohaveonethannone.A.NotabitB.NotalittleC.NotreallyD.Notspecially3.--I"msorryforsteppingonyourfoot?--____.A.It"sOKB.YouarewelcomeC.It"syourfaultD.Neveryoumind4.--Whatyousaidatthemeetinghurtmebadly!--Sorry.But____.

A.Ididn"tmeanitB.Ididn"tmeantoC.Idon"tmeanitD.Idon"tmeanto5.--Youseemtoshowinterestincooking.--____?Onthecontrary,I"mtiredofit.

A.ReallyB.PardonC.OKD.What(CCABD)【精典题例】

1.--Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.

--____,and____.

A.Sohehas;sohaveyouB.Sohashe;sohaveyou

C.Sohehas;soyouhaveD.Sohashe;soyouhave

【解析】选A答句中的he指David,不倒装。“Sohaveyou”意为“你也一样(取得了进步)”。

2.Little____whatothersthink.

A.doeshecareaboutB.careheabout

C.aboutheearedD.aboutcaredhe

【解析】选Alittle为否定副词,于句首时,句子使用部分倒装。

3.Atschool,whatheenjoys____football.

A.playingB.toplayC.isplayingD.played

【解析】选Cwhatheenjoys为主语从句,谓语动词为be,表语为playingfootball。不要误以为playing是enjoy的宾语而误选A。

4.Atthe____news,allthewomenpresentburstoutcrying.

A.unexpectingB.disappointingC.disappointedD.interesting【解析】选B联系语境,所有在场的妇女都哭了,因此为disappointing"令人失望的(消息)”。5.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when【解析】选D"when"表示“就在这时,突然”。

6.Thewolfsaidina____voiceandthescholarfelt____.A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frightened;frighteningD.frightening;frightening【解析】选Afrightening“令人害怕”;frightened“感到害怕”。

7.Inour____life,Englishis____used.

A.everyday;wideB.everyday;widelyC.everyday;wideD.everyday;widely

【解析】选Beveryday“日常的,每天的”;widely“广泛地”。8.--Hello,Mary.I"vegotagirlfriend.--What"sshelike?--____.

A.Idon"tknowB.She"slikehermother,notfatherC.ShelikesmusicD.Nothad!Quitepretty【解析】选D表外表给人的印象。

9.Thefire____forhalfanhourbeforethefirefightersarrived.A.hadputoutB.wasputoutC.hadbeenoutD.hadbrokenout【解析】选Cbeout"火熄灭”,表示状态。

10.Ithasbeensuggestedthattheland____equallyamongthepeasants.A.besharedB.shouldbesparedC.savedD.bespent

【解析】选Asuggest后用虚拟语气。beshared前可省略should。

11.Shetook____inphysicsandread____onthesubject.A.interest;asbooksmanyasshecouldB.aninterest;asmanybooksasshecouldC.interested;asmanybooksasshecanD.interests;asbooksasshecould

【解析】选B根据短语搭配和时态一致可知。12.--How"stheyoungman?--____.

A.He"stwentyB.He"sadoctor

C.HeismuchbetterD.He"sDavid

【解析】选Chowissb.“某人身体如何”。

13.LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell.Clare,youmustlearnto____.A.supportB.careC.spareD.share

【解析】选Dshare“分享”;support“支持”;care“在意”;spare“抽出(时间)。节余”。14.Thenewdresslookswonderfulonyou____thecollar.A.besidesB.exceptC.besideD.exceptfor

【解析】选D“美中不足的是领子”,表示部分修正。15.--Whataboutyourclassmate,Susan?

--Ourteacher____heragoodandcleverstudent.

A.regardsB.believesC.suggestsD.considers

【解析】选Dconsideras…“认为……是……”,as可省略。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit3-4

☆重点句型☆

1.Insteadofspendingyourvacationonabus,...youmaywanttotryhiking.Instead和instead0f的用法

2.Say"Hi"/"Hello"/"Thanks"tosb.(forme)问候的句型3.Isanybodyseeingyouoff?进行时表将来

4.Shestruggledandstruggled,andcouldnotgetonherfeet.(=keepstruggling)

5.Youshouldnotgoraftingunlessyouknow...unless引导条件状语从句,相当于if...not6.Bystayingat...,touristscanhelpthevillagersmakemoneysothattheycantakecareofthefiverandthebirds.目的状语从句

7.Shewassosurprisedthatshecouldn"tmove.结果状语从句8.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbywater.过去分词作状语

9.Thenextmoment,thefirstwavesweptherdown,swallowingthegarden.现在分词作状语10.However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.Itdidn"ttakelongbeforethebuildingwasdestroyed.before的用法☆重点词汇☆

1.meansn.方法;途径2.experiencen.经验3.equipmentn.设备4.successfuladj.成功的5.protectv.保护6.handlev.处理7.considerv.考虑8.benefitn.利益9.particularadj.特别的10.effectn.效果11.combinev.合并

12.unforgettableadj.不会忘记的13.advancev.前进14.seizev.抓住15.strugglev.奋斗

16.fearv.&n.害怕17.strikev.敲打18.destroyv.毁掉19.publishv.出版

20.naughtyadj.调皮的☆重点短语☆

1.getawayfrom逃离

2.watch/lookout注意,当心3.goforahike/gohiking去徒步旅游4.aswith正如……一样5.seeoff为某人送行

6.ontheotherhand在另一方面7.takecareof照顾

8.getclose/nearto接近,凑近9.treeaftertree一棵又一棵的树

10.aswallas也,和……一样(好)

11.protect…from保护……不受……的伤害12.besurprisedat因……而吃惊

13.becaught/trapped/struckin被……困住14.takeplace发生

15.gothrough通过,经过;经历(痛苦的事)16.beupon临近,逼近17.holdonto紧紧抓住

18.referto提到,说到;查询(信息)19.lookinto注视……的内部;检查,调查20.forfearof(doing)sth.惟恐……

☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语,请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词,每个词4分,80分才能过关,你一定能过关.做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?l.get____from逃离away2.watch____注意,当心out

3.protectsb/sth____保护/保卫某人(某事物)from4.seesb____到火车站、飞机场等某处为某人送行off5.ontheother____另一方面hand6.as____as也,还,而且well7.____place发生,产生take8.____fire失火on

9.pullsb____把……往上拽up

10.get____one"sfeet站立起来;站起身来on11.go____通过,经受。仔细检查through12.____holiday在度假on

13.travel____旅行社代理人agent14.be____逼近,临近upon

15.____exercise进行体育锻炼take

16.____"Hi"tosbfor/fromsb代某人向某人问候say17.come____with提出up18.go____ahike去远足for

19.becaught____受困于……,陷于……in20.____asecond马上,一会儿in21.look____往……里面看,调查into22.refer____提到.涉及;参考to23.hold____抓住,握住onto24.sweep____冲走,刮走away25.sweep____冲倒,吹倒down☆交际用语☆

1.Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?2.Howwouldyouliketogoto...?3.Haveanice/pleasanttrip!4.Well,Imustbeoff.5.It"sallright.6.I"mafraid.7.Comeon!8.Itscaresme.9.Don"tworry.

10.First...,next...,then...,finally...☆单词聚焦☆1.advance的用法

▲构词:advancedadj.高等的.先进的,高深的▲搭配:

①inadvance在前头,预先,事先

②inadvanceof在……前面;比……进步;超过③ontheadvance(物价)在上涨

【考例】ItissaidthatMissWhitehadsomedifficultyinstudyingthe____maths.A.improvedB.developedC.advancedD.increased[考查目标]本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。

[答案与解析]C“高等数学”的英译是advancedmaths,advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。2.before的特殊用法

(1)HehadrunoutoftheroombeforeIcouldstophim.我还没来得及拦住他,他就跑出了屋子。

(2)ThreeweekswentbybeforeWeknewit.三周过去了,我们才意识到。(或:时间不知不觉已过三周了。)

(3)Itwasn"t/didn"ttakelongbeforehereturned.他没过多久就回来了。Itwon"tbelongbeforewegraduate.不要过多久我们就要毕业了。3.chance的用法

▲搭配:

①byanychance万一,碰巧,或许②bychance偶然,意外地

③takea/one"schance冒一冒险,碰碰运气,利用一下机会

【考例6】(201*南京模拟)Mostofthe___areinseasonalwork,mainlyconnectedwithtourismandagriculture.

A.workB.luckC.chancesD.services[考查目标]chance的词义。

[答案与解析]Cchance在本句的词义是“机会”。4.considerv.(1)考虑

A)consider+n./doingIconsidergoingabroad.

B)consider+疑问词+todoYouhavetoconsiderwhattodonext.(2)认为

A)consider+n.(+as/tobe)+n./adj.

IconsiderMaryas/tobemybestfriend.

TheyconsideredParisthebrainandheartofthecountry.B)consider+n.+tohavedone

Iconsiderhimtohaveacteddisgracefully.

除了consider…as…表认为外,还有regard…as…,lookon…as…,take…as…,thinkof…as…5.cost的用法

▲构词:costlyadj.昂贵的,贵重的▲搭配:

①costsb.sth.花费某人(多少钱);让某人付出(代价)/牺牲……②atallcosts不惜任何代价.无论如何③atanycost不惜任何代价,无论如何④atcost(price)按成本价格,按原价

⑤atthecostof以……为代价,用……换来的;丧失;牺牲

【考例】Theywonderedhowmuchthiskindofcarwould____them.A.payB.spendC.costD.waste

[考查目标]本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。[答案与解析]Ccost的意思是“耗费”,主语是指物的名词.而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。6.effectn.效果;作用

haveaneffectonsth.

Hiswordshadagreatpushingeffectonhisstudents.(1)beofnoeffect无效

(2)comeintoeffect开始生效;开始实行

[比较]affectvt.影响Theclimateaffectedtheamountoftherainfall.7.experience的用法

▲构词:experiencedadj.有经验的,熟练的▲搭配:

①byexperience凭经验;从经验中②fromexperience凭经验;从经验中

③gainexperiencein…获得……经验

④beexperiencedin…某方面有经验

▲友情提示:experience这个词作为可数名词用时,解释为“经历”,作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。

【考例】(201*山西模拟)____teachesthathewasright.Goodfriendshipisjustnoteasilyformed.

A.KnowledgeB.TeachersC.ExperienceD.Parents[考查目标]experience的意思。

[答案与解析]Cexperience常为不可数名词,意思是“经验”。8.fearn.&vt.

(1)n.恐惧(多作不可数名词)

Hisfacewasgrowingpalewithfear.忧虑;担心的事(可数)

Thereisnoreasonforyourfears.forfearof由于怕……,以防

Heleftanhourearlierforfearofmissinghistrain.forfear(that)惟恐;怕的是;以防

Sheworriedforfearthatthechildwouldbehurt.infearof害怕;担心

Thethiefwasinfearofthepolice.(2)v.恐惧;害怕,接n./pron.Catsfearbigdogs.恐惧;害怕,接todoDon"tfeartotellthetruth.恐怕;担心,接从句

Shefearedthatshemightnotfindhiminhisroom.

▲构词:fearfuladj.可怕的,严重的;惧怕的,胆怯的;担心的,忧虑的fearlessadj.不怕的,大胆的,勇敢的,无畏的▲搭配:

①beinfear(of)(为……而)提心吊胆

②forfearof因为怕;以免,怕的是

③forfearthat-clause生怕;为了防止(某事发生)④haveafearthat-clause担心/怕(发生某事)⑤withfear吓得,怕得

⑥fear(vi.)for...担心/忧虑……

【考例】(201*江苏)Hegottothestationearly,____missinghistrain.A.incaseofB.insteadof

C.forfearofD.insearch

[考查目标]fear构成的短语的用法和意思。

[答案与解析]Cforfearof常在句中作状语,意思是“怕的是……。担心……”。9.funn.高兴;乐趣;有趣的人或事(1)forfun为了高兴;为着好玩Ionlydiditforfun.

(2)makefunof开……的玩笑;取笑

Itiswrongtomakefunofacripple.[比较]

(1)laughat笑(某人);嘲笑

It"sunkindtolaughatapersonwhoisintrouble.(2)playajokeon开(某人的)玩笑10.meansn.手段;办法

(1)bymeansof用……;依靠……

Thewatermaybecarriedbymeansofapipe.

(2)byallmeans一定;务必;(表示同意)当然可以,没问题:务必,无论如何,千方百计地

Trybyall/everymeanstopersuadehimtocome.(3)bynomeans完全不是;一点也不;决不

Thisisbynomeansthefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.

还有:bythismeans用这种方法;byanymeans用一切可能的方法或手段【考例】(MET1991)Studentssometimessupportthem-selvesby____ofeveningjob.A.waysB.offersC.meansD.helps[考查目标]bymeansof短语的意思。

[答案与解析]Cbymeansof的意思是“通过某种手段”。11.normaladj.正常的;正规的

thenormaltemperature,normalbehavior(1)regular规则的;有规律的

keepregularhours生活有规律;按时作息(2)common普通的;常见的

TomisacommonnameinBritain.共有的;共同的haveacommoninterest有着共同爱好

(3)usual惯常的;惯例的

It"susualwithhimtogototheofficeonfoot.(4)ordinary平凡的;普通的inordinarydress12.once的用法▲搭配:

①allatonce突然;同时②atonce立刻,马上;同时

③(every)onceinawhile偶尔,有时,间或

④forthisonce(=foronce,justforonce)就这一次;破例一回⑤morethanonce不止一次,多次⑥notonce一次也不⑦onceagain/more再一次

⑧onceandagain一再,再三

⑨onceortwice一两次;有时,偶尔⑩oncetoooften又(多了)一次onceuponatime从前

【考例】(201*上海)____wehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningincreasesthelengthoftimewewillrememberit.

A.BeforeB.OnceC.UntilD.Unless

[考查目标]连词once的用法和词义。

[答案与解析]Bonce在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。13.preferv.宁愿;更喜欢(1)prefer+n./pron.

Theboypreferredadetectivestory.(2)prefer+v.-ing

Doyoupreferlivingabroad?

(3)prefer+todo

Shepreferstoliveamongtheworkingpeople.(4)prefersb.todosth.

Shepreferredhimtostayathome.

(5)prefer+n./pron./doing+to+n./pron./doing喜欢……而不喜欢Ipreferthetowntothecountry./Whilehewasintheofficehepreferreddoingsomethingtodoingnothing.

(6)prefertodo...ratherthando=wouldratherdo...thando...宁愿……而不愿Iprefertowalkthereratherthangobybus.

(7)prefer+从句(谓语动词用shoulddo,should可省略)Shepreferredthatheshoulddoitinthekitchen.

14.protect的用法

▲构词:protectionn.保护(者/物),防御

▲搭配:protectsbfrom/against防止……遭受……;使……免于,保护……使不受【考例】(MET1992)Clarkewasgreatlyadmiredattheclubforthesuccessful____.A.self-satisfactionB.self-protectionC.self-respectD.self-service[考查目标]protect及其派生词的词义。

[答案与解析]Bself-protection是名词,意思是“自我保护”。15.separate的用法

▲构词:separationn.[U]分开,分离

▲搭配:

①separateAfromB把A和B分开

②AisseparatedfromBby…A和B为……所分开/阻隔③separatesth(up)into…把……分成(几分)

▲辨析:separate;divide;part都含“分开”的意思。

separate指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如:Separatethosetwoboyswhoarefighting,willyou?(你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开,好吗?

divide指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”,还有“分手”之意。

【考例】(NMET201*)AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed[考查目标]动词separate的词义。

[答案与解析]Aseparated和get搭配有被动意义,表示“被隔开;被分隔”。[牛刀小试1]

用所给单词的适当形式填空:

(advance,means,cost,protect,fear,separate)

1.Theteacherimprovedthestudents"Englishby____ofdictationandrecitation.(means)2.Allthegoods___mealmosthalfamilliondollars.(cost)3.Wemust____thewildanimalsfromthehunting.(protect)4.Everybabyshouldbe____afterheishorn.(separated)

5.Noneofthem____deathwhentheenemycameintothevillage.(feared)6.Therearetoomanypeople,soyoushouldhaveboughtaticketin____.(advance)☆词语比较☆

1.wear,puton,haveon,dress,bein,tryon

(1)wearv.穿着;戴;蓄须(发);磨损;(脸容)呈现,显出Heiswearinganovercoattoday.*wearout(把)穿破;(把)用坏;(使)疲乏;(使)耗尽Ihavewornoutmyshoes./Mypatiencewore(wasworn)out.

(2)puton穿上;戴上(侧重穿着的动作)Putonyoursweater,otherwiseyouwillfeelcold.(3)dressvt.给……穿衣服n.衣服;连衣裙

dresssb.(insth.)或bedressed(insth.)注意:穿的衣服接在in之后。Motherdressedherbabyandthentheywentdownstairs.

(4)haveon表示穿着的状态,注意不能用进行时。AttheSpringFestival,allchildrenhaveonnewclothes.(5)bein表示穿着的状态Therewasagirlinred.(6)tryon试穿Motherwastryingonanewdress.2.strike,hit,beat

(1)hitvt.

①打;敲;击;击中;射中Hehitaballoverthefence./Thestonehithimonthehead.②使……受到打击Thebadnewshiteveryonehard.(2)beatvt.&vi.

①连续有节奏地打;敲

Therainheatagainstthewindow.

②(心)跳动Hishearthadstoppedbeating.③(鸟翼)扑动

Thebirdbeatitswingsrapidlyasitflewon.④打败;打赢;取胜

Ourchampioncanbeatallrunnersinthecountry.(3)strikevt.&vi.

①打;敲;击;砍;打中;击中Hestruckmewithhisfist.

Thehousewasstruckbylightning.②发起进攻;袭击

Hemovedawayastheanimalstruck.③撞;触(礁)

Hisheadstruckthetableashefell.④擦(火柴)

Istruckamatchandheldittohiscigarette.

⑤(某种想法)忽然出现;忽然想起,相当于occurto。Ahappythoughtstruckher.

⑥给人深刻印象(常用于被动语态)

Iwasstruckbyherbeauty.

⑦罢工Theyarestrikingforhigherpay.

⑧(钟)敲(响)Wewaitedfortheclocktostrikesix.3.complete,finish

complete可作形容词,表示“彻底的;全面的”。complete与finish表示“完成”时的区别。

(1)complete作及物动词,只接n.或pron.,常用于完成预定的任务,工程建设等Therailwayisnotcompletedyet.

(2)finishvi./vt.指完成,结束一件事情;可接n.或doing。如:finishone"shomework/middleschool/writingthebook☆短语归纳☆

1.cutdown

(1)砍倒Ifyoucutdownallthetreesyouwillraintheland.(2)减少;削减Ihavedecidedtocutdownmysmoking.2.含get的短语

①getback回来,恢复,送回

②getoff下来,动身,起飞③getup起床,站起来④geton上(车)

⑤geton/alongwith与某人相处.某事的进展⑥gettogether聚首,碰头⑦getawayfrom逃离⑧getonone"sfeet站起来⑨getdown下来⑩getonwellwith与……相处融洽

getmarried结婚getto到达getthrough通过,接通

getdownto开始着手做某事

getacross(使)通过get(a)round传开,说服

getin进入。收获getout出去,逃脱

[例句]Howareyougettingalongwithyourbusiness?生意进展如何?/IfyoutakeMaryoutforadriveyoumustpromisetogetherbackforhermusiclesson.如果你带玛丽去兜风的话,你必须答应带她回来上音乐课。/Ican"tgetmybootsoff,fortheyaretootight.我脱不掉靴子,它太紧了。/WealltrytogettogetheratleastonceayearatChristmastime.在圣诞期间我们尽量一年至少聚会一次。/Whenonehasbusinessonhanditishardtogetawayfromhome.如果一个人手头有事,离开家很难。

【考例】(201*辽宁)Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.It"stimeforusto____ourstudies.

A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover[考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。

[答案与解析]Agetdownto意为“开始着手做某事”;getout意为“离开,摆脱”;getbackfor意为“回去拿”;getover意为“克服,渡过”。本句话意思是:期末考试就要到了,我们该开始学习了。

【考例】(NMET1993)Readerscan____quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.

A.getoverB.getinC.getalongD.getthrough

[考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。

[答案与解析]Cgetover意为“痊愈,克服”;getin意为“插话”;getalong意为“进展.继续”;gelthrough意为“接通。办完”。本句话意思是:读者不必准确知道每个词的意思就能继续下去。

3.getaway(from)

(1)摆脱Waysmustbefoundtogetawayfrompoverty.(2)走开;离开Shedidn"tgetawayuntilninelastnight.(3)逃走,使离开Thebankrobbersusedastolencartogetaway.(4)拿走Getalltheepartydishesaway!4.getcloseto

(1)closeadj.靠近;接近

Thechurchisclosetotheshops.亲密;密切

Areyouaclosefriendoftheirs?(2)closeadv.靠近;接近

Hewasstandingclosetothedoor.

(3)closev.关上;关闭(不开发);结束Sheclosedhereyes./Hereyesclosed.(闭上)(4)closelyadv.紧密地;仔细地;密切地

Hegotcloselyintouchwiththemagazinesoftoday.Thelittlebabywascloselylookedafterbyher.[比较]

(1)close与closely作副词时,close含具体之意,closely含抽象之意。

(2)类似的词组有high(高)--highly(高度地),deep(深深地)--deeply(深入地),wide(很开,宽)--widely(广泛地),low(低的)--lowly(低贱的)(作形容词)5.handin交上去(给老师或上级);交来(handv.)

Eachstudenthastohandinacompositiononceaweek.[比较]

(1)handdown传下来;传给Ourfatherhandeddownthesecustomstous.

(2)handon…to…传给,传递Theywillhandthephotographtothosewhohavenotseenit.(3)handout发给大家;散发Theteacherhandedoutthebooksatthebeginningofthelesson.

6.insteadof代替……(1)insteadof+n./pron.

Givemetheredoneinstead0fthegreenone.(2)insteadof+doing

Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator.(3)insteadof+介词短语

Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.[比较]

(1)insteadadv.作为替代(……而),代替IfHarryisnotwellenoughtogowithyou,takemeinstead.

(2)ratherthan而不是,与其……宁愿Heranratherthanwalked.

(3)inplaceof代替,……而不用TheChineseusechopsticksinplaceofknivesandforks.

7.含take的短语①②③④

takeapicture照相,拍照

takeataxi/bus,etc.打的(坐公交车等)takeaway拿走,夺取,使离去takecareof小心,照料,保管

⑤takeoff脱,去掉,取消,起飞⑥takeout拿出,带……出去

⑦takeone"splace就坐,坐某人的座位,代替某人的位⑧takeplace发生,产生⑨takeexercise做运动⑩takeaseat坐下taketurns轮流

takeanactivepartin积极参加takeamessage捎口信takeon从事,呈现

taketheplaceof取代,代替takeapart拆开

takedown拿下,记下take...for...误认为……takein吸收,接纳takeup拿起.从事.占据

[例句]FatherwasconvincedthatPeterwasunhappyatboardingschool,andmadearrangementstotakehimaway.父亲确信彼得在寄宿学校不开心,决定把他带走。/Willyoulakecareofbuyingthewinefortonight"sparty?你负责为今晚的晚会买酒水好吗?/Theboysgotintothecarandtookoffforthedrugstore.男孩们进到车里,开车去了药店。/HetookmyplaceinthequeuesothatIcouldgoandgetsomethingtoeat.他替我排好了队,以便我能够回去弄点儿吃的。

8.usedto

(1)usedtodosth.过去常常……(现在已不如此)Weusedtogrowbeautifulroses.注意:否定句和疑问句有两种Youusedn’ttomakethatmistake.

Shedidn"tuse(d)todoit,didshe?

Youusedtosmokeapipe,didn"tyou?/use(d)n"tyou?(2)be/get/becomeusedto+n./doing习惯于Ihavealwaysbeenusedtohardwork.

Hegotusedtolivinginthecountry.(3)beusedtodo被用来做……Thisknifeisusedtocutbread.

表示“过去常常……”时,usedto与would区别:

(1)would只强调“过去常常……”,usedto说明现在不是如此。

Theoldwomanwouldsitthereforhoursdoingnothing.

(2)would只接行为动词,usedto可接行为动词和表状态的词。如:be,like,know,have。Thereusedtobeatempleatthefootofthemountain.

9.watchout当心;注意

You"llbecheatedifyoudon"twatchout.(1)watchoutfor=lookoutfor提防;当心Youmustalwayswatchoutforthetraffichere!(2)watchover照看;看守;负责Themotherbirdiswatchingoverheryoung.10.含“动词+out”短语

①comeout出来,出版,传出②goout出去,熄灭,不时兴③lookout当心,注意

④takeout拿出,取出,带……出去⑤rushout冲出去,匆忙大量生产⑥tryout尝试,试验⑦watchout小心

⑧wearout穿破,用坏,(使)疲乏,消磨⑨findout找出,查出

⑩makeout填写,完成.设法应付getout出去,逃离,泄露,公布pickout看出,选出thinkout想出

giveout发出,筋疲力尽

setout出发,陈述

[例句]Pleasegooutandtellthechildrentomakelessnoise.请出去告诉孩子们不要吵闹。/Thesebicycleshavebeenrushedoutandnotuptoourusualstandard.这些自行车匆忙大量生产,没有达到我们的正常标准。/Watchout.Thetrainiscoming.小心,火车来了。/Yourwillwearoutyourpatienceintime,myfriend.朋友,最终我们会没有耐心的。

【考例】(201*湖北)Thispicturewastakenalongtimeago.Iwonderifyoucan____myfather.

A.findoutB.pickoutC.lookoutD.speakout

[考查目标]此题主要考查out构成的短语意思区别。

[答案与解析]Bpickout意为“挑选,辨别出”;findout意为“找出.发现”;lookout意为“留神,注意”:speakout意为“大声说出”。[牛刀小试2]

请根据句意,选用所给短语的适当形式填空:

(getaway,takeup,takeon,thinkout,getdownto)

1.--Shallwesetoffrightnow?--Sorry.I"mtoobusyto____forthemoment.(getaway)2.Thefinalexaminationiscoming:youreallymust____yourstudies.(getdown)

3.Themanagerdoesn"thavemuchfreetimeashiswork____nearlyallhissparetime.(takesup)4.Wealsosharedanumberofqualitieswhichwefellwereinourfavorwhenwe____thetask.(tookon)

5.Hemighthave___hisideaabouttheartexhibitionmuchbetter,ifhehadplannedwhathewantedtosay.(thoughtout)☆句型归纳☆

1.Youshouldn"tgoraftingunlessyouknowhowtoswim,andyoushouldalwayswearalifejacket.除非你会游泳,而且要一直穿着救生衣,否则就不应该去做漂流运动。该句中的unless引导状语从句。例如:Onecan"tlearnaforeignlanguagewellunlesshestudieshard.

unless引导的条件状语从句,一般可以与if...not...互换。还要注意unless引导的从句经常可以省略。

【考例】(200l北京春招)Themenwillhavetowaitallday____thedoctorworksfaster.A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that[考查目标]状语从句。

[答案与解析]B句子意思是“如果医生不快点工作,这些人将不得不等一整天。”应该选unless。

2.Eco-travelisawaytofindoutwhatcanbedonetohelpanimalsandplantsaswellaspeople.生态游可以找到既帮助别人.又帮助动植物的途径。

该句中的aswellas是连词,连接两个并列成分。例如:HecanspeakGermanaswellasFrench.

常见的用法:

1.well是副词,意思是“好,优秀”,aswellas是形容词同级比较结构。2.aswellas是固定短语,意思是“和”,相当于"notonly…butalso..."。

3.aswellas连接两个并列成分作主语时,句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。

4.aswellas还可当作复杂介词用,意思是“除了……之外,还有”;相当于"besides,apartfrom"。5.aswell,是副词短语,意思是“也”,相当于“too/also”常位于句尾,与too位相当。6.may/mightaswelldosth表示“还是……的好”。

【考例】(NMET1994)Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthanDavid.

A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas[考查目标]aswellas连接比较状语从句。

[答案与解析]B该句中ifnotbetterthan相当于插入语,起干扰作用,如果不予考虑,原句就变成了同级比较结构"JohnplaysfootballaswellasDavid"。3.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise.她还没有来得及动弹,就听见很响的声音。However,beforeshecouldthinktwice,thewaterwasuponher.但还没有回过身来,洪水便逼近了她。

该两句中的before用作连词,后接时间状语从句。before用作连词,接时间状语从句时,表示“在……之前”。但在不同的语境中,往往有比较灵活的译法。例如:Heknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他差一点把我撞倒,才看到我。

【考例】(201*广东)TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearstheNorthwonintheend.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.then[考查目标]时间状语从句的引导词选择。

[答案与解析]Bbefore表示“直到……”。

4.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.洪水想必深达三米,树一棵接一棵地倒了,被洪水冲断了。

该句中的musthavebeen表示推测。例如:Youlooksotired.Youmusthavestayeduplastnight.

情态动词may,might,most.can,could常用来表示推测。may,might,must多用在肯定句中,can,could多用在否定句和疑问句中。may,might,must,can,could后接动词原

形表示对现在的推测;may,might,must,can,could后接havedone。表示对过去的推测。例如:

Youmaybeaprofessor./Shemusthavemetafairy.

【考例】(201*辽宁)Thiscakeisverysweet.You____alotofsugarinit.A.shouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveput[考查目标]情态动词表示推测。

[答案与解析]D前文说蛋糕很甜,由此可知一定是糖放多了。对于过去的动作的推测应使用havedone的结构,所以应在B、D之间做选择,又因为couldhave

done表示本可以做而没有做,所以选择D。

5....sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.……她听见了很响的声音,接着就变成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。

该句中的which引导非限制性定语从句。例如:Heboughtsomereferencebooks,whichwereallaboutscience.他买了许多的参考资料.都是有关理科的。which作为关系代词.既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。例如:ThetrainwhichleftforBeijingpulledinontime.前往北京的火车按时进站了。Hisdog,whichwasnowveryold,becameillanddied.他的狗,现在老了,生病死了。

【考例】(201*浙江)Jimpassedthedrivingtest,____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it[考查目标]非限制性定语从句。

[答案与解析]Awhich引导非限制性定语从句。指代前面整个句子。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。☆句型诠释☆

现在进行时的用法(is/am/are+doing)

1.表示现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。Look!Themonkeyisclimbingthebananatree.

2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。(说话时动作不一定正在进行。)WearepreparingforthemeetingtobeheldnextFridaynow.

3.表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹、惊讶、厌恶等。(常与always,constantly,continually,allthetime,forever等副词连用),表反复的动作。Heisalwaysthink-ingofothers.(表赞许)Sheisalwaysaskingthesamequestion.(表厌恶)Youarealwayschangingyourmind.(表抱怨)

4.表示在最近计划或安排要进行的动作。常用于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,stay等表移动、方向的动词。Heisstartingtheworkinafewminutes./HeisleavingforBeijingtomorrowmorning.[注意]

1.不用进行时的词有:

(1)系动词:feel,sound,smell,taste,look,appear,seem,remain,prove等。(2)表结果的感官动词:see,notice,hear等。

(3)非延续性的动词,此动作开始即是结束:enter,accept,receive等。

(4)表心理状态,存在状态,拥有的动词:love,like,hate,care,dislike,respect,prefer,know,understand,forget,remember,believe,want,wish,hope,mind,agree,belongto,dependon,own,have等。

2.用进行时的特殊词有系动词get,turn,grow,become,go,come,fall等表由一种状态转入另一种状态时,用进行时表示渐近。Today,manyriversthatwerepollutedaregettingcleanerandcleaner.当今,许多过去遭污染的河流又变得越来越清澈了。[比较]

现在进行时表将来的用法与一般将来时的区别:(1)现在进行时表近期的,事先已经计划安排好的--Howareyougettingtotheairport?

--Bytaxi.Bobiscomingwithmetotheairport.(2)willdo和shalldo

①表客观将来。shall用于第一人称,will用于第一、

二、三人称。Iwill/shallfinishmiddleschoolnextmonth.

②表有科学根据的预测。Theweatherreportsaysitwillraintomorrow.

③表客观必然。Manwillmakemistakes.(3)begoingto

①表现在打算在近期或将来要做某事。I"mgoingtofinishmyhomeworktonight.②表根据已有迹象的预测。It"ssodarkoutside,Ithinkit"sgoingtorain.

③begoingto不与come,go连用,而用becoming,begoing形式。Maryiscomingherethisevening.[注意]

表计划、安排、规定要做的事,用“be+todo”。此外,表示按时刻表运行的动作常用一般现在时表将来。Themeetingistobeheldat9:00a.m./Ourplaneleavesat6:00a.m..[牛刀小试3]

1.____youcallmetosayyou"renotcoming,I"llseeyouatthetheatre.(201*吉林)A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless

2.Nowthatyou"vegotachance,you____makefulluseofit.(NMET1999)A.hadbettertoB.mightaswellC.mightaswellasD.wouldrather

3.Itwasevening____wereachedthelittletownofWinchester.(201*天津)

A.thatB.untilC.sinceD.before

4.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,____?(201*上海春招)

A.didn"ttheyB.don"tthey

C.mustn"ttheyD.haven"tthey

5.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,____wehadn"texpected.(201*北京春招)A.whenB.thatC.whichD.whatDBDDC

☆交际速成☆

【考点1】Talkingaboutintentionsandplans.谈论意愿和打算(201*江苏)--Howlongareyoustaying?--Idon"tknow.____.

A.That"sOKB.NevermindC.ItdependsD.Itdoesn"tmatter

[答案与解析]C本题考查具体语境下被询问打算时的应答。A项用于回答感谢和道歉,B、D两项用于回答道歉,C项表示“看情况而定”。【归纳】英语中常见表达意愿和打算的用语有:

①I"llgowithyou.②③④⑤

I"mgoingtoseemyheadteacherthisafternoon.I"dliketomakeaphonecalltoherafterclass.Iwant/hopetofindanEnglishpenfriend.IplantogotoHangzhouthissummer.

⑥Wearereadytomovetoanewhouse.⑦BillintendstospendhisvocationinCalifornia.⑧I"mthinkingofdrivingtoBeijing.⑨Wherewouldyouprefergoing...?⑩Howwouldyouliketogoto...?Whenareyougoingoffto...?Howareyougoingto...?

【考点2】Expressinggoodwishes祝愿(201*广东)

Tom:Mike,ourteamwillplayagainsttheRocketsthisweekend.I"msurewewillwin.Mike:____!

A.CongratulationsB.CheersC.BestwishesD.Goodluck

[答案与解析]D考查祝愿用语。在比赛前表示祝愿的话用Goodluck。Congratulations用于成功之后的祝贺。Cheers意为“干杯”。Bestwishes多用于书面语,表示“万事如意”的意思。【归纳】英语中常见表达祝愿的用语有:①②③④

Haveagoodday/time!Haveagoodjourney/trip!Goodluck!Enjoyyourself!

⑤Bestwishestoyou!⑥HappyNewYear!⑦Happybirthday!⑧MerryChristmas!应答语有:①Thankyou.②You,too.

③Thesametoyou.

【考点3】Describingemotions描述人物的情感(201*上海春招)

--I"mafraidIcan"tfinishthebookwithinthisweek.--____.

A.PleasegoaheadB.That"sallrightC.NotatallD.Takeyourtime

[答案与解析]D本题考查时表示遗憾情感的应答。A项表示“请吧,说吧”,用于回答许可或让对方先行。B、C两项是感谢或道歉的答语,D项表示“别着急,慢慢来”,符合语境。【归纳】中学英语中描述人物情感的用语有:

①(恐惧)Help!/Howterrible!/I"mafraidof.../I"mafraidto.../Youscaredme!/Itscaresme!②(高兴)(It"s)welldone!/Howwonderful!/That"sgreat!/I"mpleasedto...

③(惊奇)Really!/Ohdear!/Isthatso?/Whatasurprise!/Howsurprising!

④(忧虑)What"swrong?/what"sthematter?/Anythingwrong?/Whatshouldwedo?

⑤(安慰)There,there./Don"tbeafraid./Don"tworry./It"s(quite)allright./It"llbeOK/allright.

⑥(满意)Good!/Welldone!/Perfect!/That"sfine./That"sbetter.⑦(遗憾)I"msosorry!/It"sagreatpity!/Whatashame!/That"stoobad!⑧(同情)I"msosorry!/I"msosorry(aboutyourillness)./I"msorrytohearthat.⑨(愤怒)Damn!/Howannoying!

⑩(鼓励)Welldone!/Comeon!/Keeptrying./Youcandoit![牛刀小试4]

1.--I"dliketotakeaweek"sholiday.--____,we"retoobusy.

A.Don"tworryB.Don"tmentionitC.ForgetitD.Pardonme

2.--Iwassosurethatourexperimentwasgoingtosucceed,butsomethingwentwrongatthelastmoment.

--____,butdon"tgiveitup.

A.FindoutthereasonB.Nevermind

C.I"msorrytohearthatD.Youdon"t"meanthat

3.--Ijustheardthattheticketsfortonight"sshowhavebeensoldout.--Ohno!____.A.IwaslookingforwardtothatB.Itdoesn"tmatterC.IknewitalreadyD.It"snotatallinteresting4.--WearegoingtotraveltoItaly.--____.A.GoodbyeB.Goahead

C.Iliketogo,tooD.Haveagoodtime5.--I"dratherhavesometea,ifyoudon"tmind.--____.

A.ThankyouverymuchB.Yes,Ilikeso

C.No,it"snothingD.Ofcourse,anythingyouwantCCADD☆精典题例☆

1.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.(NMET201*春上海)

A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut

【解析】选C本题是在语境中考查现在进行时的被动语态。本句意为“雨林以这样的速度被砍伐和焚烧,会导致它在不久的将来从地球上消失。”体会语境和句意便知此处选择C项,表示现阶段在进行的动作。

2.Twenty-threehourshaspassedaftertheexplosioninthemine,butrescueeffortstorecoverthemissing____carriedout.

A.arestillbeingB.havealreadybeenC.arealwaysD.willsoonbe

【解析】选A本句意为“矿井爆炸已过23小时了,但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。”3.--Whenareyouleaving?--Myplane____at10:45.

A.takesoffB.tookoff

C.isabouttotakeoffD.willtakeoff【解析】选A飞机是按时刻表运行的。4.--Excuseme,whattimeisitnow?

--Sorry,mywatch____.It____attheshop.A.isn"tworking;isbeingrepairedB.doesn"twork;isbeingrepairedC.isn"tworking;isrepaired

D.doesn"twork;isrepaired

【解析】选Bdoesn"twork说明“手表不工作”的状态,而不只是现在才坏了。后句意为“手表正在商店里修理”,故应用isbeingrepaired。

5.John,whoisconsidered____awarm-heartedman,isconsidering____hisneighboroutoftrouble.

A.tobe;tohelpB.tobe;helpingC.being;tohelpD.being;helping

【解析】选Bbeconsideredtobe“被认为是……”;considerdoing“考虑做某事”。6.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation____itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as

【解析】选C意思是“在事情还未变得更糟之前及时纠正错误”。

7.--Thereissomethingwrongwithmybike.--Itdoesn"tmatter.I____lendyoumine.

A.amtoB.amgoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.will【解析】选Dbeto表示按计划安排将来的动作,begoingto表示最近打算做某事,will在此是情态动词,表示“意志;意愿”。如:Iwilltellyouallaboutit.

8.Childrenatthebeginningofthiscentury____alotand____themselvesgreatlyevenwithouttelevision.

A.usedtoread;enjoyingB.usedtoread;enjoyedC.wereusedtoreading;enjoyD.wereusedtoread;enjoying

【解析】选B前后时态要保持一致。

高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit5-6

☆重点句型☆

1.Whilestillastudent,sheplayedrolesinmanyplays.连词+名词做时间状语

2.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaid…连词+过去分词做时间状语

3.Whendrinkingtosomeone"shealth,youraiseyourglasses.连词+现在分词做时间状语4.It"sacustominChinatohavesometeabeforethemealisserved.It做形式主语5.Manypeoplelikethisfilmnotjustbecause...,butalsobecause...并列连词

6.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing...动名词做主宾语☆重点词汇☆1.commentv.评论

2.marryv.结婚3.createv.创造4.attackv.进攻5.crueltyn.残酷6.escapev.逃跑7.advicen.忠告;建议8.affordv.花得起(钱、时间)9.encouragev.鼓励10.researchn.研究11.interruptv.打断;打扰12.apologizev.道歉13.prayv.请求;祈祷14.forgivev.原谅;宽恕15.matchv.相配;相适应16.mannersn.礼貌17.impressionn.印象

18.liveadj.&adv.活的;直播的(地)19.customn.习惯;风俗20.introducevt.介绍;引进☆重点短语☆

1.takeoff脱掉;起飞;成功2.gowrong出错;出问题

3.can"thelpdoing情不自禁做某事4.takeone"splace代替某人5.runafter追逐;追踪

6.winaprize获奖

7.thinkhighlyof赞扬……;对……高度评价

8.callfor需要;索取9.inall总共

10.playarole扮演角色(作用)11.makemoney挣钱12.winover争取过来13.workon从事,致力于

14.owesuccessto把成功归功于某人15.startwith以……开始16.runawayfromschool逃学17.ontheair正在播出的18.doresearch进行调查19.speedup加速

20.followthefashion追随时尚

☆短语闯关☆

下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语,请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词,每个词4分,80分才

能过关。你一定能过关,做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?

l.____screen银幕,电影(业)

2.take____成功;成名;脱掉(衣服);(飞机)起飞3.____wrong走错路;误入歧途;不对头;出毛病4.owesth____sb把……归功于某人5.____all总共;总之6.stay____不在家,外出7.____school小学

8.locksb____将某人锁于某处不得进出;将某人监禁起来9.run____追赶

10.bringsb____送回某人

11.____theair正在播出的

12.thinkhighly____对……高度评价13.leave____省去;遗漏;不考虑14.stare____盯着

15.make____aboutsb以某人为笑柄

16.drink(atoast)____为……祝酒;为……干杯17.win____战胜

18.____commentson对……加以评论19.looksb____看望,拜访某人

20.____arolein在……中扮演角色;在……方面起作用21.____aprize获奖

22.tosbfor(doing)sth因某事向某人道歉

23.makeagoodimpression____给……留下好印象24.____silent保持沉默25.payavisit____拜访☆交际用语☆

1.Whatdoyouthinkhashappened?2.Whatdoyouknowabout…?

3.Howdoyoulike…?/Whatdoyouthinkof…?/Whatdbyoufeel...?4.MayIinterruptyouforamoment?

5.Excuseme/Forgivemefor.../Iapologizefor…6.I"m(very/so/terribly)sorry.It"sallmyfault.7.That"sallright./That"sOK./Noproblem.8.Iwishyouallthebest.9.I"msorry.Ididn"tmeanto...10.Let"sdrink(atoast)to...!☆单词聚焦☆

1.afford

(1)(和can,could,beableto连用)有(时间、经济等)条件(做某事)+todoWecan"taffordtopaysuchaprice.afford+n./pron.(出得起;买得起等)

Theydonotconsiderwhethertheycanafforditornot.

(2)经得起(做某事或发生某事)(多+todo)Hecouldnotaffordtolosehisfortuneentirely.2.apologize的用法

▲构词:apologyn.辩解,道歉▲搭配:

①apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=makeanapology的sbfor(doing)sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉

②apologizeforoneself为自己辩解或辩护

【考例】[NMET1993]Thecaptain____anapologytothepassengersforthedelaycausedbybadweather.

A.madeB.saidC.putD.passed[考查目标]apologize及其名词的用法和搭配。[答案与解析]Amakeanapology的意思是“道歉”。3.choice的用法▲搭配:

①makeachoice选择

②makechoiceof挑选,选择,选定③make/takeone"schoice任意挑选

④havenochoicebuttodosth非……不可,除……之外别无他法

【考例】[MET1993]We"vemissedthelastbus,I"mafraidwehaveno____buttotakeataxi.A.wayB.choiceC.possibilityD.selection[考查目标]choice的意思和习惯搭配。

[答案与解析]Bchoice是choose的名词形式.意思是“选择”,在本句中构成固定搭配havenochoicebuttodosth“不得不干……”。

4.determine的用法

▲构词:determinationn.决心,决断,决意;决定,确定▲搭配:

①determinetodosth决定做某事②determineon/upon(doing)sth决定

③amanofdetermination有决断力的人

▲辨析:decide;determine这两个词都有“决定”的意思。decide的含义是“不再迟疑不定”,而

determine含义是“把某件事确定下来”。

在bedeterminedtodo…这个固定的结构中。过去分词determined的词义为“下定了决心”。decide的名词为decision,determine的名词为determination。例如:Atfirst,shedecidedtogotothepolice,…起初,她决定去找警察……

▲友情提示:decide后跟宾语从句时,其含义有时是“断

定”。IdecidedthatImusthavetakenawrongturningsomewhere.我断定我一定是在某处拐错弯了。Thedeterminationofthemeaningofawordisoftendifficultwithoutacontext.脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。

注:在determinetodo...,determineon(upon)...和determinethat...。(宾语从句)三个搭配中,determine的词义和decide几乎没有多大差异。Hedetermined/decidedtolearnmedicine.他决定学医。

注:decidesbtodosth决定使某人做某事Whatdecidedyoutogiveupyourjob?什么因素使你决定放弃你的工作?【考例】[201*京皖春招]BeforeSamcanrepairhisbicycle,hemustknowwhyitdoesnotwork.Forexample,hemust____thepartsthatarewrong.

A.checkB.determineC.correctD.recover[考查目标]determine的用法。

[答案与解析]Bdetermine和decide在一般情况下意思相同。5.encourage的用法▲构词:

①encouragingadj.鼓励的,给予希望的,振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的②encouragedadj.被激励的,受到鼓舞的③encouragementn.鼓励,激励

④discouragev.使泄气;劝阻▲搭配:①encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事②beencouragedby受……鼓励/鼓舞【考例】[201*北京]Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metaking

C.formetotakeD.metotake[考查目标]encourage的用法。

[答案与解析]Dencouragesbtodosth鼓励某人干某事。句意为:我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。

6.escape(vi,vt)escaped,escaping

(1)逃走;跑掉+from/outof=runawayfromThesoldierescapedfromtheenemy"sprison.(2)逃脱;逃避+n./doing

Henarrowlyescapeddeath/beingkilled.There"snowaytoescapedoingthework.escape还可表示:

①(液体等)漏出gasescapingfromthepipe煤气从管中漏出Waterescapedrapidlyfromthedrainpipe.水从排水管中迅速流出。

②避免escapeddeath免于一死Thereisnoescapinghim.怎么也避不开他。

③疏忽,忽略Nothingescapedhisattention.什么也逃不过他的注意。Youcannotexpectthatsomethingmayescapetheteacher"sattention.你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的注意。escapen

①逃走Thethiefmadehisescape.小偷逃走了。

②(气体)漏出,泄出;解闷Shereadslovestoriesasanescape.她读爱情小说解闷。7.hunt的用法

▲构词:huntern.猎人,搜寻者▲搭配:

①huntfor/after追猎;寻找,搜寻②huntout找出;调查出

【考例】Hewanderedinthestreet,____anewjacketforhisnephew.A.huntingforB.waitingforC.shootingforD.aimingfor[考查目标]本题考查huntfor的意思。

[答案与解析]Ahuntfor原来是“猎取”的意思,引中为“搜寻,寻找”。

8.impressionn.印象

(1)impression(onsb.)(给某人)印象Hisspeechmadeastrongimpressiononhisaudience.(2)impression(ofsth.)(对某事物)印象;想法That"smyfirstimpressionofthenewcollege.(3)impresssb.withsth.给予某人深刻印象=impresssth.onsb.使某人铭记Theteacherimpressedonhisstudentstheimportanceofspeaking.=Theteacherimpre-ssedhisstudentswiththeimportanceofspeaking.9.interrupt的用法vt,vi①阻断;中断Don"tinterruptme.别打断我。Trafficinthecitywasinterruptedbyasnowstorm.市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。

②打岔;插嘴Itisrudetointerrupt.打断别人的话,是不礼貌的。“Don"tinterrupt,”hesaid.“别插话,”他说。

▲构词:

①interruptern.打岔者,打断者

②interruptionn.打岔.打断,使中断的事物

【考例】[201*山西模拟]Bequiet!It"srudeto____peoplewhentheyaretalking.A.stopB.introduceC.preventD.interrupt[考查目标]interrupt的词义。

[答案与解析]Dinterrupt的意思是“打断;使中断”.后接指人或指物的各种名词。

10.marry

(1)vi.结婚Hedidn"tmarryuntilhewasfifty.(2)vt.和……结婚JeanisgoingtomarryHubert.

(3)vt.(父母)嫁(女儿)Hemarriedhisdaughtertoabusinessman.

(4)vt.(教士等)为……主持结婚仪式We"vecometoaskifyouwillmarrythem.[比较]

(1)getmarried(tosb.)强调动作Hisoldestgirlgotmarriedlastmonth.(2)bemarried(tosb.)强调状态

Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?11.moment的用法n.①片刻;瞬间Hewillbehereinamoment.他一会儿就来。AtthemomentIamworking.此刻我正在工作。

②时机;机遇;时宜Chooseyourmomenttovisithim.你选个合适的时机去拜访他。③重要性amatterofgreatmoment一件极重要的事情▲搭配:

①atanymoment随时;在任何时候;马上②atthelastmoment在最后关头③atthemoment此刻;(正当)那时④everymoment时时刻刻

⑤foramoment片刻

⑥inamoment一会儿,不久;立即,马上⑦themoment(that)...一……就……

【考例】[NMET201*II]"CanI?Idon"tthinkIcan,"Racysaidwithalaugh."ButIdohave____whenthingscometomefornoreason."

A.eventsB.chancesC.feelingsD.moments[考查目标]moment的词义。

[答案与解析]Dmoment可以指“时刻”,在本句中用了复数,意思是“一些次”。12.owe的用法owed,owing▲搭配:

①(常与for连用)欠,欠债Ioweyouforyourhelp.我感谢你的帮助。(也可以是owesth.或owesb.sth)Thefoodcost£4,butIonlypaid£3soIstillowe£1.食品要4英镑,可我只付了3英镑,因此我还欠1英镑。Ioweyouanapology.我该向你道歉。☆owesbsthforsth或owesthtosbforsth为…欠某人…

②对…负有义务;感恩;感激Weoweourparentsalot.我们十分感激父母。

③(常与to连用)归功于;由于Sheoweshersuccesstogoodluck.她把成功归功于幸运。Theyoungwriterowedhissuccesstohisteacher"sencouragement.年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。

【考例】[201*湖北]"HowmuchdoI____you?""Oh,no,"Paulsaid.A.OweB.lendC.giveD.offer[考查目标]考查owe的词义和用法。

[答案与解析]Aowe表示“欠”的时候是及物动词,可以接双宾语。13.reasonn.原因;理由

(1)+todosth.Youhaven"tanyreasontoleaveme.

(2)+forsth./doingPeoplemusthaveareasonforsayingsuchthings.

(3)+从句;从句用why/forwhich引导Thatisthereasonwhyyoushouldleave.(4)for+reason,为了某种原因Heisretiringforreasonsofhealth.[比较]cause“原因;起因”

thecauseofthefire火灾的起因(引起某种后果的起因)thereasonforbeinglate迟到的理由(做某件事的理由)

14.role

(1)(戏剧中的)角色Oliverplayed(acted)therole/partofHamlet.(2)(现实生活中的)身份;作用

WhatisyourroleontheCommittee?

(3)playa...rolein...=playa...partin在……中扮演……角色或作用Theheadmasterplaysanimportantrole/partinthegoodrunningofaschool.15.servev.

(1)为……服务/工作Aslaveserveshismaster.

(2)接待(顾客)Theshopassistantisservingacustomer.(3)侍候吃饭,端(菜);供应(饭菜)Lunchisservednow.

(4)serveas充任(某职务)作……用Sheservedasamodelforseveralpainters./Thisboxwillserveas/foraseat.16.speed的用法▲搭配:

①atahighspeed以很大的速度

②atfull/topspeed用全速,开足马力,尽力(快)地;③withgreat/anspeed用全速,开足马力

④speedup加速,快点

【考例】Wehadtriedourbestbutthebossstillshouted,"____!"A.SpeedupB.NohurryC.WaitaminuteD.Slowdown

[考查目标]本题考查speed及其构成的短语的意思。[答案与解析]Aspeedup意思是“加速,快点”的意思。17.stare的用法vi,vt--stared,staring凝视,注视

Hestaredatthewordtryingtorememberwhatitmeant.他盯着这个单词,努力想记起它的意思。

[习惯用语]stareoneintheface近在眼前;摆在眼前

▲辨析:gaze;stare;glare这组动词的一般含义是“凝视”。

gaze表示“目不转睛地看”,并含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如:Shegazedatthecarpetforsometime,andthenadded,"Youdon"tneedbookcasesatall."她对地毯凝视了一会儿,然后补充说:“你根本不需要书柜。”

stare特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”,并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思。例如:Thenoblestaredattheblanksheetofpaperforafewseconds.那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。glare表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如:Thetrappedeagleglaredathiscaptors.被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。

【考例】[NMET1999]____himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch[考查目标]stare等近义词辨别。

[答案与解析]Dwatch意思是“观察”,是长时问关注;而stareat却是“盯着”。含有惊奇、傲慢的感情色彩。

18.trouble(1)麻烦;烦恼;烦心的事(可数,不可数)Itisapitytogiveyousomuchtrouble./Lifeisfulloftroubles.

(2)困难;费事(不可数)havetroublewithsth./havetrouble(in)doingsth.(=difficulty)Didyouhavemuchtroubleinfindingthepostoffice?/Ihopeyouwon"thaveanytroublewiththework.

[相关短语]

(1)askfortrouble自寻烦恼;自找麻烦Whatmadeyouwritesuchaletter?Itwasaskingfortrouble.

(2)(be)introuble有烦事;有困难;出事;惹麻烦Henevercameexceptwhenhewasintrouble.

(3)putsb.totrouble给某人造成麻烦;增添麻烦Iamsorryforputtingyoutosomuchtrouble.

(4)taketroubletodosth.费心做某事;费心Itwasgoodofyoutotakethetroubletohelpus.[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空:(speed,owe,encourage,decide,moment,apologize)

1.willneverforgetthe____givenbyMr.Wang,whichhelpedmeovercomealotdifficulty.2.Ihavemadea___thateverydepartmentinourcompanyshouldbuyacomputerofthiskind.3.Irecognizedthemanthe____Isawhimatthecorner.4.Sinceitwasabitlater,wehadto____up.

5.Wemust____oursuccesstoourparentsandteachers.

6.Theparentscamefromthefar-awayvillage,makingan____fortheirnaughtyson.☆词语比较☆

1.win,beat,defeat表示获胜、取胜的词语

(1)winv.赢……,获胜,接比赛或奖项winagame/aprize/anhonor/arace./Ourteamwonthegame8to7./Hewonbyfivepoints./Hewonherloveatlast./Hewonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.

(2)beat+对手,表打败(尤指体育比赛)Icaneasilybeathimatgolf.(3)defeat表战胜,接对手Theenemywasdefeatedinthebattle.2.intheend,finally,atlast

三者均可表示“(经过周折、等待、耽误)最后,终于”之意。不同的是:

finally一般用在句中动词前面,而atlast与intheend的位则较为灵活;

三者中atlast语气最为强烈,且可单独作为感叹句使用。Afterputtingitoffthreetimes,wefinallymanagedtohaveaholidayinDalian./Atlastheknewthemeaningoflife./Atlast!Whereonearthhaveyoubeen?/Butintheendhegavein.

另外,finally还可用在列举事项时,引出最后一个内容,相当于lastly。Firstly,weshouldmakeaplan;secondly,weshouldcarryitout;finallyweshouldmakeaconclu-sion.

3.bysea,bythesea,inthesea,onthesea,atsea(1)bysea“走海路,乘船”,用来表示交通方式,同byship同义。Theseheavyboxesshouldbesentbysea.

(2)bythesea“在海边”,相当于by(at)theseaside。ThechildrenenjoyedthemselvesbytheseaonChildren"sDay.

(3)inthesea“在海里,在海水中”Therearemanyplantsandanimalsinthesea.(4)onthesea“在海面上”,“在海岸边”。Iwanttoliveinatownwithabeautifulpositiononthesea.

(5)atsea在海上;在航海Whenhewokeup,theshipwasatsea.

4.beafraid,beafraidtodosth.,beafraidof(doing)sth.

(1)beafraid意为“担心,害怕”,多用于口语,常用来表示一种歉意,或遗憾,后可接so或not,也可接that从句。I"mafraid(that)其语意相当于I"msorry,but...。

--Areweontime?我们准时吗?--I"mafraidnot.恐怕不准时。I"mafraidyou"llgetcaughtintherain.

(2)beafraidtodosth常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。Sheisafraidtobeherealone./Heisafraidtojumpintotheriverfromthebridge.

(3)beafraidof(doing)sth.常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。Iwasafraidofhurtingherfeelings.

5.live,living,alive,lively(1)liveadj.

①活的;活生生的;(只修饰生物;只作前定语)Thelaboratoryisdoingexperimentswithseverallivemonkeys.

②实况直播的(不是录音)Itwasn"tarecordedshow.Itwaslive.③带电的;燃着的;可爆炸的Thisisalivewire.

(2)livingadj.活着的,有生命的(作表语或定语)Shewas,hethought,thebestlivingnovelistinEngland./Theoldmanisstillliving.(或alive)

(3)aliveadj.①活着的;②有活力的;有生气作后定语:Who"sthegreatestmanalive?

作表语:Wasthesnakealiveordead?/Mygrandmotherismorealivethanalotofyoungpeople.

作补语:Let"skeepthefishalive.

(4)livelyadj.活泼的;有生气的;活跃的(作表语或定语)Themusicisbrightandlively.6.takeoff,takedown,takein,takeon,takeup

(1)takeoff

①(飞机)起飞Ahelicopterisabletotakeoffandlandstraightupordown.②脱下(衣裳等);取下Hetookoffhiswetshoes./Whotooktheknoboffthedoor?③休假;请假;歇工Whenhiswifewassickhetookofffromwork.

④(指观念、产品)大受欢迎;(事业)突然发达,成功Thenewtypeofcellphoneshasreallytakenoff./Hisbusinessbegantotakeoffwhenhewasinhisforties.

(2)takedown

①拿下来;取下来Hereacheduptothethirdshelfofthebookcaseandtookdownadictionary.

②记下来Hereadoutthenamesandhissecretarytookthemdown.

(3)takein

①接受(房客,客人等);收留Thefarmerstookinthelosttravelersforthenight.②理解;领会;明白Theboyscouldnottakeinhismeaning.

③包括;涉及Thestudyofphysicstakesinmanydifferentsubjects.

(4)takeon

①接受;从事(某工作)Afterhisfatherdied,Billtookonthemanagementofthefactory.②雇用Isthesupermarkettakingonanymoreassis-tant?③具有(新面貌、意思等)Thecityhastakenonanewlook.

④使上当;欺骗Wewerecompletelytakeninbyherstory.

(5)takeup

①从事某项活动;发展某种爱好Somanyyoungmenwanttotakeupwriting.②开始做(某项工作);开始学习(某个课程)Thenshetookupthetaskofgettingthebreakfast./Hedroppedmedicineandtookupphysics.

③占去(时间或空间)Themeetingtookupthewholemorning./Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.

④接受I"dliketotakeupyourofferofarideintotown.7.callfor,callon,callup

(1)callfor

①来找(某人);来取(某物)I"llcallforyouatyourhouse.②要求;需要Successinschoolcallsformuchhardwork.

(2)callon

①callon/uponsb.拜访;去会(某人)Ihopetocallonyouatyourofficeat3o’clocktoday.②callon/uponsb.todosth.请/叫某人做某事Hecalleduponmetospeakimmediately.③号召;呼吁;要求ThePresidentcalledonhispeopletoservethecountry.

(3)callup

①给……打电话(英ringup)Itriedtocallyouuplastnight,butnooneansweredthephone.②征召入役;调用(后备部队)Threeboysinourstreetwerecalleduplastweek.

8.toomuch,muchtoo

(1)toomuch“太多”之意,可以作形容词,修饰不可数名词,也可作副词,修饰动词。

Thereistoomuchrainhereinspring./Shetalkedtoomuchatthemeeting.

(2)muchtoo“简直太,过于”,只能作副词,用来修饰形容词或别的副词,不能修饰动词。Thisbookismuchtoodifficultforme./Theoldmanwalksmuchtooslowly.

9.custom,habit

(1)custom指传统风俗、习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接不定式。Theybrokesomeoftheoldcustoms./ItisthecustominChinatoeatdumplingsduringthespringFestival.(2)habit指个人生活习惯。“(有)养成……习惯”常

用bein/fallinto/getinto/form/havethehabitofdoingsth.句型;“戒掉……习惯”常用giveup/kick/breakawayfrom/getoutofthehabitofdoingsth.句型。It"seasytogetintoabadhabitbutitshardtogiveitup./Thedrugeasilygetoneintothehabitofsmoking.10.arise,rise,raise

raisevt.“使……上升;升起;提高”等;

risevi.“上升;升起”;

arisevi.“站起来(standup)”,“起床(getup)”,rise和arise用作站起,起床都属正式用法;arise主要表示“出现、发生”等意思。Sheraisedhervoiceinanger.(抬高)Thewindraisedthefallenleavesfromtheground.(刮起)Thechildrosefromthegroundandrantohismother.(=Thechildraisedhimselffromthegroundandrantohismother.)(爬起)Sherisesbeforeitislight.(起床)Difficultieswillariseaswedothework.(出现)☆短语归纳☆

1.can"thelpdoingsth.禁不住做某事,不由得不做某事

Shecouldn"thepsmiling.[比较]

(1)can"thelpbutdo不得不……;不能不Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcan"thelpbutgetyourshoeswet.

(2)cannotbut不能不,只能Hecouldnotbutfeeldisappointed.[归纳]

(1)help(sb.)(to)dosth.Helpmegethimbacktobedatonce./Byhelpingthemwearehelpingsaveourselves.

(2)help...withsth.帮助……做某事Inthosedaysheusedtohelphermotherwithhergardening.

(3)helponeself/sb.tosth.给自己/别人夹菜/拿烟等;擅自拿用MayIhelpyoutosomemorevegetables?

(4)help...insth.在……方面帮助某人SheofferedtohelpRoseinthehousekeepingwhenIamnothere.

(5)helpout帮忙(做事;克服困难等)I"veoftenhelpedBoboutwhenhe"sbeenabitshortofmoney.

2.含go的短语

①goaround到处走/跑.(疾病)流传,(谣言)传开;goafter追求;goahead说吧,请吧,做吧;goaway离开,出去

②goback走网头路,翻悔改变;gobad变坏;goboating去划船③gofishing去钓鱼;goforawalk去散步④gohiking去徒步旅行;gohome回家

⑤goinfor喜爱,从事于;gointo进入,加入⑥gomad发疯

⑦gooff离去,去世;goon继续,进展,依据;goondoing继续做;goout出去,发出去,熄灭,不时兴;goover研究,检查,搜查

⑧goshopping去商店;goskating去滑冰;gostraightalong沿着;goswimming去游泳⑨gothrough通过,经受,仔细检查;gotobed上床⑩goup上升

gowrong走错路,误入歧途

[例句]We"llgothroughtheitemsonebyone.我们要逐条研究。Shehasgonebacktoheroldhabits.她又回到了已往的习惯。ComeonSundaybyyourself-wecangooverthehousetogether.星期天你要过来.我们一起检查一下房子。Hisspeechwentonforsolongthatpeoplebegantofallasleep.他的演讲持续很长时间,结果人们开始想睡。Thatexpressionhasgoneout.NobodyUsesittoday.那个短语已经过时了,现在没有人在用它。Theyoungfellowhasn"trealizedthathehasgonewrong.这个年轻人还没有意识到他已经误入歧途。Tiredofgoingshoppingwithhiswife,Mr.Liupretendedtohavesomethingimportanttodo.厌烦与妻子一起去购物,刘先生假装有重要的事情要做。

【考例2】(201*北京)Idon"t____rock"n"roll.It"smuchtoonoisyformytaste.A.goafterB.goawaywith

C.gointoD.goinfor

[考查目标]此题主要考查四个动词短语的意思。

[答案与解析]Dgoafter追求;goawaywith带走;gointo进入,加入;goinfor喜爱,爱好。根据句子意思“摇滚音乐太嘈杂。不合乎我的口味.所以我不喜欢”。

【考例】(NMET1998)Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto____.

A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout

[考查目标]此题主要考查四个短语的意思。

[答案与解析]Dputup挂起;givein屈服;turnon打开;goout熄灭。本句话意思是“没有人注意到贼溜进了屋子,因为灯碰巧熄灭了”。

3.gowrong

(1)走错路;弄错方向

(2)失败;不顺利Allourplanswentwrong./Everythingwentwronginthosedays.(3)发生故障Theclockwentwrong.[比较]表示“变为”的系动词

(1)go表示由积极向消极方面变化Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.又如:gomad/pale/blind/hungry

(2)become/get表示由积极向消极或消极向积极方

面变化Theweatherisgettingquitewarm./Graduallyhebecamesilent.

(3)turn多接表颜色的词Thisinkturnsblackwhenitdries./Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.

注意:becomeawriter

(4)grow侧重变化过程Theseaisgrowingcalm.(5)fall进入某种状态Allthreechildrenfellasleep.4.owe...to...受到恩惠;归功于……

(1)欠(钱)owesb.money=owemoneytosb.Iowe£50tomytailor.=Iowemytailor£50.

(2)得过(某人的)好处;欠(某人的)人情债Weoweagreatdealtoourparentsandteachers.(3)应当给予Youowemeanapology.(4)……应归功于;……都亏得

WeowethegeneraltheoryofrelativitytoEinstein.

[拓展]表示“由于”的词组:owingto/becauseof/thanksto/dueto/asaresultof

5.takeone"splace

(1)入座,站好位,取得地位Takeyourplaces,please.Weareabouttostart.

(2)takeone"splace=taketheplaceofsb.代替(职务或工作等);接替ElectrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinEngland.[比较]

(1)inplace(of)代替;……而不用Thegrown-upshadcoffeebutthechildrenwantedmilkinplaceofcoffee.

(2)takeone"sseat在自己座位上坐下;有时等于takeone"splace:Moremenenteredandtooktheirseats.

6.thinkhighlyof赞扬表赞赏的词有:

(1)think/speakhighly/well/much...of:Thepeoplethinkveryhighlyofhim.表认为不好的词有:

(2)thinklittle/badly/poorly/nothing...of:Joanthoughtlittleofwalkingtwomilestoschool.7.含“动词+away”的短语①②③④

doawaywith去掉

getaway逃脱,(使)离开goaway离去,出去

putaway放好,把……收拾起来,存(钱)以备它日之用

⑤runaway逃走,离开⑥smoothaway去除,克服

⑦stayaway(from)不在家,外出

⑧takeaway拿走,带走,夺去,使离去⑨throwaway扔掉.浪费.坐失(良机)

[例句]Don"tthrowawaysuchagoodchance.Oryou"llregret.不要放弃这么好的机会,不然的话,你会后悔

的。Putawaythetoolsbeforeyouleave.离开前把工具收拾好。Whydidyoustayawayfromschool?你为什么不去上学?IhadhopedtotakeagoodholidaythisyearbutIwasn"tabletogetaway.我本打算今年好好去度假,但是我离不开。【考例】(201*重庆)Beforethewarbrokeout,manypeople____insafeplacespossessionstheycouldnottakewiththem.

A.threwawayB.putaway

C.gaveawayD.carriedaway

[考查目标]此题主要考查“动词+away”四个短语的意思。[答案与解析]Bthrowaway扔掉;putway放好,把……收拾起来;giveaway分发.泄露;carryaway冲走。本句话意思是“在战争爆发以前,许多人把他们不

能带走的财产藏在了安全的地方”。

8.含“动词+off”的短语①dropoff放下,下车②falloff(从……)掉下来

③getoff(从……)下来,动身,起飞,脱下来④giveoff发出,放出⑤jumpoff跳离

⑥putoff推迟,延期

⑦setoff出发,引起,启程

⑧seesboff为某人送行,为……送行⑨switchoff关掉

⑩takeoff脱,去掉,起飞,匆匆离开,成名throwoff匆忙脱掉

turnoff关掉,避开,拐弯

[例句]Theelectricitysupplymustbeturnedoffatthemainsbeforeyouchangethelightingcircuit.在改变火线前,主干线的电力供应必须切断。MrsGareyasusualwenttothedoortoseehimoff.Garey夫人像通常一样把他送到门口。Hehadtoputoffanappointmentwithmeonaccountofillness.因为疾病的缘故,他不得不推迟了与我的约会。Beforethebodyofthecarcanbeproperlyrepaired,alltheexternalfittingsmustbetakenoff.车身适当修理前,所有外部的配件必须拿下来。Thefiredoesn"tseemtobegivingoffmuchheat.这炉火好像不大热。

【考例】(201*广东)JohnisleavingforLondontomorrowandIwill____him____attheairport.A.send...awayB.leave...offC.see...offD.show...around

[考查目标]此题主要考查短语seeoff的用法。

[答案与解析]Cseeoff意为“给某人送行”;sendaway意为“派遣”;leaveoff意为“停止,不再穿”;showaround意为“带领某人参观”。[牛刀小试2]

在下列句子的空白处填上适当的介词或副词。

1.Mygrandmotherhadput____over$50,000whenshewassixtyfiveyearsold.

2.Hismotherhadthoughtitwouldbegoodforhischarac-tertoget____homeandearnsomemoneyonhisown.

3.Themarketwasfilled____saltedfish,givingtheworstsmellthatyoucanimagine.

4.--Whatdoyouthinkthecontest?--IwastoldthattheEnglishSpeechContestwent____successfullylastnight.

5.Ifyouhadgone____yourtestpapercarefullybeforehandingitinyouwouldhavemadefewermistakes.

☆句型诠释☆

1.Thereasonwhyhecouldnotgotherewasthathisgradesweretoolow.他没能上电影学院是因为他的分数太低了。

该句巾的why引导一个定语从句,而that引导表语从句。

1.句中that引导的表语从句说明主语reason的具体内容,往往被看作是固定句型:Thereasonis/wasthatclause.当主语是reason/cause时,一般不能用because或why引导表语从句,以免造成语意重复。当主语是This/That时,可以由because/why引导表语从句。例如:OnereasonisthatpeopletraveledtoAmericafromallEuropeancountries.

【考例】(NMET1999)

--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where[考查目标]表语从句。

[答案与解析]A句子的意思是“那就是你请了几天假的原因吗?”因此可知答案为why。2.why在句中是关系副词,引导定语从句,修饰先行词reason,同时它在定语从句中作状语,此时why=forwhich,但要注意:关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时,要用关系代词that或which。

【考例】(201*上海春招)Isthisthereason____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained

C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained[考查目标]定语从句。

[答案与解析]Awhat,how不能引导定语从句,排除B、C两项;thereason在定语从句中作explained的宾语,可填that/which,或者也可以省略。

2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.好多看过这个片子的人一想起片中鲨鱼食人的场面.就不敢下海游泳了。

该句是一个复杂长句,从when到句子末尾是状语从句,在从句中包含一个由which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词scenes;在前面的主句里面。包含一个由who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people。例如:ThosewhowanttogocampingnextSundaysignyournameherebeforeclassisover.

定语从句关系词的选择,要遵循“瞻前顾后”的原则,所谓“瞻前”即看前面的先行词指人还是指物;“顾后”即后面的定语从句,看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。例如:Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.(状语)/Thisisthefactory(that/which)hevisited.(宾语)

【考例】(NMET1992)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn"tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom[考查目标]定语从句。

[答案与解析]D“turntosbforhelp”为固定短语,意思是“向某人求助”,所以选towhom。3.Whenaskedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,StevenSpielbergsaidthatheowesmuchofhissuccessandhappinesstohiswifeandchildren.当有人问起他成功的秘诀时。史蒂文斯皮尔伯格说起他的成功和幸福主要来自于妻子和孩子。

该句中的"when"是时间状语从句的省略形式。在状语从句中,如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,而且从句谓语动词是be或包含be时,常常将从句主语与be省略。例如:AlthoughborninChicago,theauthorisfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork.

【考例】(201*上海春招)Unless___tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited[考查目标]状语从句的省略现象。

[答案与解析]Aunless为连词,后面省略了youare,所以选invited。

4.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing,forexample,howtouseknivesandforks,whentodrinkatoastandhowtobehaveatthetable.在餐桌上,懂礼节意味着你知道如何使用刀叉,何时祝酒以及如何在用餐时举止得体。

该句中havinggoodmanners为v-ing形式作主语。例如:Collectingstampsisoneofhis

hobbies.

▲友情提示:在v-ing形式前加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格,构成v-ing复合结构,在句中作主语、宾语。

【考例5】(201*上海)Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and____.A.he"dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsgiveshimgreatpleasure[考查目标]v-ing作主语。

[答案与解析]DA、B、C三项句法都无错误,但在and连接的并列句中,两个简单句的主语要保持一致的形式fishingandcollectingcoins分别做两个简单句的主语。

5.It"spolitetofinisheatingeverythingonyourplate,sodon"ttakemorefoodthanyouneed.餐盘里的东西要吃光才礼貌,所以不要多拿。

该句中的it为形式主语,真正的主语为tofinisheating…例如:It"snotrighttotelllies.撒谎是不对的。

it作为形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语。常见的句型有:

1.It+be+adj.+todosth2.It+be+n.+todosth3.It+be+PP.todosth【考例】(201*上海)Infact____isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantfootballmatch.

A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it[考查目标]形式主语。

[答案与解析]D只有it才可以作形式主语。【句型归纳】

1.When/While/Though/Unless/If+n./adj./现在分词/过去分词……

状语从句有些成分有时可省略,一般是主语和be省略;有时it和be可以省略:Hemadenoanswerwhen(heis)spokento./Though(hewas)borninChicago,theauthorismostfamousforhisstoriesaboutNewYork./Comebackearlyif(itis)possible.[注意]用法详见Chapter10语法活用“省略和插入语”。2.Notonly/just…but(also)连接相同的句子成分

NotonlytheteacherbutallthestudentsaregoingtovisittheScienceMuseum.(连接主语时根据就近原则)/Theynotonlysangbut(also)dancedforawholenight./Manypeoplegotoseethisfilmnotjustbecausethefilmisinteresting,butalsotheleadingactorsandactressesareallworldfamous./Notonlydowelearnforourcountry,butwe"llworkforherinthefuture.(连接句子时,notonly后的句子要部分倒装)[牛刀小试3]

1.Thereason____youfailed,Ithink,was____youhadturnedadeafeartoyourmother"sadvice.

A.that;becauseB.why;because

C.why;thatD.forthat;that

2.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear"spartywasagreatsuccess.(201*全国卷I)

A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

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