当代研究生英语课后习题答案(上册、下册)总结好的,供期末考试用英语复习
1.TheBillhasincorporatedmanyofthesuggestionsputforwardbytheopposition.2.Newtechnologiesareneededtoinvigoratethecountry’seconomy.3.Thesoldiersuppressedhisfearandwentonfighting.
4.Thenoiseofcarspassingalongtheroadisacontinualdisturbancetoourquietlife.5.Thiscountryissufferingfromitseconomicstagnation.6.Theoldmancherishedthegirlasifshewerehisdaughter.7.Donotlosehope;rememberthemotto“Neversaydie”.
8.Thetempleishighinthemountain,andisinaccessibletothepublicinwinter.9.Thechildshoweddefiancebyrefusingtoeat.
10.Iamdefendingmycommunistideologymyideals,thecontentandsignificanceofmywholelife.
11.Thecarrandownthehillunderitsownimpetus.
12.Thereacanalwasbeingbuilttofacilitatecommercebetweenthesetwocities.13.Myfirstparachutejumpwasa(n)exhilaratingexperience.14.Ismyconvictionthatyoudidnottryhardenough.
15.“Worldlywealthistransient;heavenlywealthlastsforever.”saidthepriest.
1.Inordertostrengthenhisarguments,Toffler()respectablesocialscientistswhoagreewithhim.
A.quotesB.confirmsC.recitesD.convinces
2.Hecouldscarcelyresisttakinganotherdrinkofthedeliciouswine,butrememberingthedoctor’sadvice,he().
ArefrainedBwithdrewCavoidedDretreated
3.Whenpeoplehavetheirbasicneedssatisfied,theybegintothinkofotherthingstofulfilltheirlife().
AnecessitiesBrequirementsCappreciationsDexpectations
4.Withinseconds,theexperiencedinstructor()thesituationanddecidedtoattemptrescue.AassumedBassuredCassessedDaffirmed
5.Mostgoodwritersuseeverymeansattheir()tomakethereader’swaysmoothandeasy.AwillBdisposalCrequestDconvenience
6.Thenewapartmenthousebuiltafewmonthsagoislargeenoughto()overtwohundredpeople.
AaccommodateBlocateCsettleDreside
7.Ariver()throughthenarrowwoodedvalleybelow.ApoursBtwistsCexpendsDexpands
8.TouseaChinesesaying,thisis“apunishmentwhichtheywell()”.AdesertBdeserveCreserveDpreserve
9.Thecaptainoftheship()thepassengersthattherewasnodanger.AsecuredBensuredCassuredDguaranteed
10.Thegrowthofcitiesandsuburbsthroughouttheregionhas()theresidentstobuildhouseswherevertheycouldfindopenland.
AconvertedBappealedCjustifiedDencouragedUnit2
1.Thekitchenwassmalland()sothatthedisabledwomancouldreacheverythingwithoutdifficulty.
AcompleteBcomplexCcompositeDcompact2.Hisauthorityand()makehimanexcellentteacher.
Aself-consciousnessBself-confidenceCself-centerednessDself-regard
3.Beingbothspoiltandlazyhe()everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.AaccusedBchargedCcriticizedDblamed
4.WhenIlearnedthatIhadpassedtheexam,Ifelt()andrelaxed.AcarelessBtrouble-freeCnegligentDcare-free
5.Averylargecatwaswatchingusintentlyfromthetopofa()car.AcarelessBstationeryCmotionlessDstationary
6.Thisisthe()pianoonwhichthecomposercreatedsomeofhisgreatestworks.AactualBrealCgenuineDcontemporary
7.Yourusualteacherhaslosthisvoiceand()Iamtakinghisplacetoday.AneverthelessBhoweverCmoreoverDaccordingly8.A()womanisneededtotakecareoftwosmallchildren.AconfidentBreliableCtrustyDfaithful9.Ihavehada()ofmisfortunes.
AcontinuationBrepetitionCcontinuityDsuccession
10.Hehadan()habitofemptyingashtraysoutofhisupstairswindowontoourdoorstep.AobjectionableBafflictingCuneducatedDoffending11.Themusicarouseda(n)()feelingofhomesicknessinhim.AintenseBhopelessCintensiveDsad
12.Thejury()himofhavingcommittedtherobberyandhewasthensentencedtofiveyear’simprisonment.
AaccusedBchargedCconvictedDacquitted
13.Thebookprovedtobeveryunreliableandsowasquite()tohiminhisresearch.AunimportantBdisusedCuselessDunusable
14.Theplanwas()whenitwasdiscoveredjusthowmuchtheschemewouldcost.AresignedBabandonedCreleasedDredeemed
15.Theblowattheendofroundthreeknockedthechampion().AinsensitiveBstupefiedCsenselessDnonsensicalUnit3
1.TheRomanempire()underpressurepressurefromuncivilizednortherntribes.
AtrembledBcrumbledChurdledDsmashed
2.thepoliceare()awaragainstcrimeinthecity.Acommitting
BbreakingCundertakingDwaging
3.thesignwasnolongerlegiblebecausemuchoftheletteringhad()。AworndownBwornonCwornawayDwornout4.they()whetheraninternationalloanwaspossible.AdissolvedBdisputedCdissentedDdistorted5.heisalways()hisknowledgeinpublic
AairingBpraisingCassumingDretorting
6.flowersarebloominginscarletprofusiononthe()oftherice-fields.AspacesBclearingsCmarginsDvacuums
7.theyoungsoldier’shearingwas()aftertheexplosionAstrengthenedBtrappedCmanipulatedDimpaired
8.blackdeathwas()inenglandinthesummerof1348withoutanywarningand,most
importantly,withoutanycure.
AcurrentBcirculatingCprevailingDuniversal
9.thegoodnewsisthataspeopleinfectedwithHIVkeeptakingthetriple-drug(),theyhave
anexcellentchanceofsurvivingtheinfectionforalongtime.AantigenBcocktailCmicrobeDtherapy
10.becauseithaslongbeenknownthatHIVkillsCD4cellswhenitreplicatesinsidethem,many
researchershavebeentooreadyto()thatthisisthereasontheyalldie.AdiscoverBassumeCretortDpronounce
Measuresomeunlesshoweverseparatewhenenvironmentallyhappenopportunitycapableindifferencedemonstrateupaveragewithbutfailisolatenever
Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisborn().Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,()beingmorecapablethanothers.()nomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligence()hehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhat()totheindividual---thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbrought().Ifanindividualishandicapped(),itislikelythathisbrainwill()todevelopandhewill()attainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheis().Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbe()bythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeteranJohn.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedin()fosterhomes.Peterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinan()communitywithpooreducational().John,(),waseducatedinhomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Thisenvironmental()continueduntilthetwinswere()theirlateteens,()theyweregiventeststo()theirintelligence.
John’sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthanthe()andfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.
Creativitysostimulatecontrolonsubstancemindcarrychemicalstheylearningefficientaffectdiscoverinterest
Recentstudiesofthehumanbrainhaveresultedinsomeinterestingdiscoveries.Scientistsbelievethatawaytoimprovethepowerofthebrainmaysoonbepossible.
Scientistshave()thatthebraincanmakeitsowndrugs.Thebraincontainsaprotein()whichcanactdirectly()thebraintochangeaspectsofmentalactivity.Somemaychangeorimprove,forexample,(),intelligence,imagination,andgoodmemory.
Chemicalsfoundinthebrain()messages.Inrecentyearsscientistshavefoundchemicalsthat()mood,memoryandotherhappeningsofthe().About25havebeenfound()far.
Todaytheroleof()andproteinsubstanceinhumanbehaviouriscreatingmuch(),Researchseemstoshowthattheymayhelp()insomnia,pain,andmentalillness.Theyhaveagreatcapacityto()thebraintoconquerdeficiencies.()alsoimprovethequalitiesofmemoryand()alreadyinthebrain.Theyholdthesecrettomoodandemotion.Somedaytheremaybeachemicalwaytocreateabetterandmore()brain.
Sampleimmunewhichwaysleadtonumbertakerebuildatallfurtherdrugthatarguedisruptcopewithtrapalongsidefindinglossprolong
BymeasuringtheamountofHIV’sgeneticmaterialinvariousrepresentativetissuesamplesfrominfectedpeople,andextrapolatingfromthese(sample)totheentirebody,Haaseestimatesthatatmost1in2,500cells,maybefewer,isinfectedwithHIV.Thisisnowherenearenoughfordirectcellkillingtoaccountforthedepletionintheirnumbersthat(leadsto)AIDS.
HaasesaysthathisownworknowshowsthatlargenumbersofCD4cellsarebecoming(trapped)inlymphtissue,andhebelievesthatHIValso(disrupts)theproductionofnewcells.Incommonwithanumberofotherresearchers,healsobelievesthatHIVmaycausethe(loss)ofuninfectedCD4cellsbytriggeringabnormallyhighlevelsofcellsuicide,orapoptosisaseparateprocessthathasbeenasubjectofresearchthroughoutthe1990s.
Takentogether,these(findings)clearlysuggestthatHIVkeepsthe(immune)systeminstateofconstantactivation,andunbalancesitinfour(ways):bytrappingmaturecells,bykillingasmallbutsignificant(number)ofcellsdirectly.Theircombinedimpactleavestheimmunesystemdepletedandunableto(copewith)opportunisticinfections.
Howwillanyofthisaffecttreatments?Wouldbetterknowledgeofthewaysin(which)thevirusdisturbstheimmunesystemenableresearchersto(rebuild)it,broadeningthedepletedrepertoireofCD4cells?Roederer,atleast,thinksthatdrugsthatdirectlyaffecttheimmunesystemwillbeneeded.
Othersgo(further).JayLevyattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,worriesthat(prolonged)treatmentwithcocktailsofantiviral(drugs)mightevenfooltheimmunesystemand“putittorest”,bykeepinglevelsofHIVsolowinthebody(that)theyfailtotriggeranyimmuneresponses(atall).Thisnightmakeindividualswhostop(taking)thedurgsevenmorevulnerable.He(argues)thatimmune-restoringtreatmentsshouldbegiven(alongside)antiviraldrugs.Already,someresearchersareworkingonnovelapproachessuchasdevelopinggeneticallyengineeredTcellstoreplacelostCD4cells.Unit4
TransactionrefertothroughacrossfocusoncoveratalllevelsofnothinginthecaseofcomeintonecessarilymakecommunitybepreparedtohaveaccesstoEconomic“globalization”isahistoricalprocess,theresultofhumaninnovationandtechnologicalprogress.Itreferstotheincreasingintegrationofeconomiesaroundtheworld,particularlythroughtradeandfinancialflows.Thetermsometimesalso()themovementofpeople(labor)andknowledge(technology)()internationalborders.Therearealsobroadercultural,politicalandenvironmentaldimensionsofglobalizationthatarenot()here.
Atitsmostbasic,thereis()mysteriousaboutglobalization.Theterm()commonusagesincethe1980s,reflectingtechnologicaladvancesthat()iteasierandquickertocompleteinternational()---bothtradeandfinancialflows.Itreferstoanextensionbeyondnationalbordersofthesamemarketforcesthathaveoperatedforcenturies()humaneconomicactivity---villagemarkets,urbanindustries,orfinancialcenters.
Marketspromoteefficiency()competitionandthedivisionoflaborthespecializationthatallowspeopleandeconomiesto()whattheydobest.Globalmatketsoffergreateropportunityforpeopletotapintomoreandlargermarketsaroundtheworld.Itmeansthattheycan()morecapitalflows,technology,cheaperimports,andlargerexportmarkets.Butmarketsdonot()ensurethatthebenefitsofincreasedefficiencyaresharedbyall.Countriesmust()embracethepoliciesneeded,and()thepoorestcountriesmayneedthesupportoftheinternational()astheydoso.
在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经历四个感知方面的微妙变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；第二，在生活中的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感；第三是我们对时间的认识，是感到来日方长，还是开始感到时日无多？最后是对自己的精力和活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充沛，还是感到力不从心？这些都是我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，他们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们采取行动前的种种决定。
人生这一阶段的任务是，在同龄人中、在性别角色中、在期望的职业中、以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立自己的位置。这样，我们既有了离家独立的动力，也有了离家独立的心理准备。
由于幻想的鼓舞和支持以及对自己的意志充满信心，我们在二十岁时普遍认定自己所选择的道路是人生真正的事业所在。如果有人说我们很想自己的父母，说我们的言行举止是父母二十多年来教育和熏陶的结果，我们会很不高兴。
几年之后此病毒从刚果荒蛮浓密的丛林中爆发出来。一旦流传开来，它就随着反叛部队穿越大陆的各个战区；随着货车司机驶过各个妓院；最终，可能随着空中乘务员飞往美国，并在那里于20世纪80年代初被发现。
在津巴布韦的25个受监控的地区，怀孕的妇女接受了HIV病毒的检测。1997年只有两个地区显示其感染率在10%以下。
这是因为在贫穷国家许多人对正常的经济发展不起作用。说得再残酷些，在一个拥有大量非技术劳力的国家里，死去的劳力很容易被取代。
当一家之主染上了艾滋病，他或她的家庭损失就不是一个人的事了。以为不只是他的收入没有了，
他的亲属还要花时间和金钱去照料他。
泰国政府认为没有必要向肯尼亚那样由于害怕吓走了旅游者而淡化HIV传播的严重性。泰国人被
反复告知HIV的危害性，以及如何避免它，最后由他们自己去做出选择。
近四年来，病毒引起免疫系统灾难性崩溃从而导致艾滋病这一理论一直主宰着人类对HIV的研究。但是这种理论的一致性现在正在动摇，部分原因是由于免疫学家费兰克。米德马领导的一支荷兰小组对HIV的研究工作。如果荷兰小组是正确的话，其影响将是深远的。感染HIV的人将有望得到新方法的治疗。而一些话费几十亿美元的研究项目中最具权威的理论就会被推翻。
总体而言，世界贸易组织采纳了有利与跨国商务活动的规则，拒绝了商务活动反对的规则。世界贸易组织的政策遭到了来自“民间社团”的代表，如工会、消费者积极分子、环境保护主义者、土著民居、妇女团体等的反对。墨西哥在执行北美自由贸易协定不久，货币危机使国家陷入经济萧条，小业主们也走向街头反对“自由贸易”。不同意北部联盟有关劳动保护条款的南半球的贫穷国家也认为世界贸易组织并不为大多数人谋福利。
扩展阅读：当代研究生英语课后习题答案(上册、下册)总结好的,供期末考试用
一、VocabularyA根据定义写单词Unit1
InthepastformerlyIncludeembraceman-madeartificialcontrolsystematicallyregulateexactlypreciselyundesiredunwantedirrelevantextraneoushavingintensefeelingpassionate
aimtowardbetargetedtonotfarawayathandbechargedforbesendforUnit3
ContainingmanydetailedpartsandthusdifficulttounderstandintricateNearlycorrectbutnotexactlyapproximatelyAsuddenshakingoftheEarthssurfaceearthquakeHavingmanydifferentkindsofskillsorabilitiesversatileStandingapart,separateasistobealoneisolatedTheoppositeinposition;theotherwayaroundreverseInadditionto;alsoaswellasDependingoneachother;necessarytoeachotherinterdependentIncreaseinnumberbygivingbirthtooffspringmultiplyEatsomethinginordertostayaliveorsubsistliveonDestroycompletelykilloffNotinitsexactoraccuratepositionoutoftrueProvidewithproperornecessaryskills,knowledgeetc.quality(not)inanyway(not)atallAsaresultfromanaturalimpulseortendencyspontaneously
Unit5
Learnanddiscover(afactthatwashidden)findoutAgroupofpeoplelivingtogetherbysharedinterests,religion,etc.communityChangeintosomethingofdifferentformorpropertiesconvertHaveaclearmeaningwakesenseAstateofverystrongfeeling,esp.ofjoyandhappinessecstasyTaketheplaceofreplacetosomeextent;somewhatmoreorlessatthelowestestimateorfigureatleastnoteasilymanaged;hardtotreat,relieve,orcureintractableunderstand;figureoutthemeaningofmakeout下册：Unit3
1.Ageneralagreenmentconsensus2.Breakintosmallpiecescrumble3.Ofthegreatestimportancevital4.Mostcommonprevailing
5.Becomegraduallyfewerorsmallerdwindle6.Callintoquestiondispute
7.Apersonwhoarguesinfavorofsomethingproponent8.Anauthoritativeprincipleorbeliefdogma9.Largeinamountmassive10.Explaininterpret11.Suspicionhunch
12.Baffleorconfusepuzzle
UNIT5
1.Emerged
2.Launch3.Gap4.declined5.Medium-sized6.procedures7.Crucial8diverse9.transaction10.regulating11.representatives12.depression13.implementation14.provisions二、选词填空
下册：UNIT1
UNIT2
三、翻译UNIT11.Thepossibilityofarealmarket-styleevolutionofgovernanceisathand.一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。
2.Incyberspace,we`llabletotestandevolverulesgoverningwhatneedstobegoverned----intellectualproperty,contentandaccesscontrol,rulesaboutprivacyandfreespeech.
在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度-----知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等3.Somecommunitieswillallowanyonein;otherswillrestrictaccesstomemberswho
qualifyononebasisoranother.
有些群体允许任何人加入，而有一些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。
4.Thosecommunitiesthatproveself-sustainingwillprosper(andperhapsgrowandsplit
intosubsetswithever-more-particularinterestsandidentities).
能够自持的群体会兴旺发展（或许也会因为知趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个
分支）。
Thosethatcan`tsurvive----eitherbecausepeopleloseinterestorgetscaredoff----willsimplywitheraway.
有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，它们将渐渐萎缩消亡。Unit2
Oncetheproblemisunderstood,improvementcomesnaturally.一旦问题得到理解，情况自然有所改善。Womenwhofeelabandonedanddeprivedwhentheirhusbandswon"tlistentoorreport
dailynewsmaybehappytodiscovertheirhusbandstryingtoadaptoncetheyunderstandtheplaceofsmalltalkinwomen"srelationships.
那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活乐趣的女性会高兴的发现，她们的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应Butiftheirhusbandsdon"tadapt,thewomenmaystillbecomfortedthatformen,
thisisnotafailureofintimacy.
如果丈夫不适应，妻子仍然能够得到安慰，因为她知道，对男人来说，这不是不亲密的表现。
Acceptingthedifference,thewivesmaylooktotheirfriendsorfamilyforthatkindoftalk.
当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实后，便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。
Andhusbandswhocan"tprovideitshouldn"tfeeltheirwiveshavemadeunreasonable
demands.
那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫，也不应该觉得妻子提出了无理要求。
Somecoupleswillstilldecidetodivorce,butatleasttheirdecisionswillbebasedon
realisticexpectations.
仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚，但起码他们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。UNIT3
Whenitfirstcameintobeing,theEarthverylikelylackedwhatwewouldtodaycallan
oceanandanatmosphere.
在地球形成的初期，上面很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。Between2billionand3billionyearsago,portionsofthesurfacewater,bathedbythe
energeticradiationfromtheSun,developedcomplicatedcompoundsinorganizationsufficientlyversatiletoqualifyaswhatwecall“life”.
在20亿到30亿年前期间，一部分地球表面的水在太阳能的作用下，形成了结构复
杂的化合物，这些化合物灵活多变，足以形成我们称之为“生命”的东西。
Theentireplanetisalifeformmadeupofnonlivingportionsandalargevarietyofliving
portions(asourownbodyismadeupofnonlivingcrystalsinbonesandnonlivingwaterinblood,aswellasofalargevarietyoflivingportions).
整个星球是一种由无机部分和各种各样的有机生命构成的生命形式（正如我们自己
的身体，既是由各种各样的有机部分构成，又是由骨骼中的无机晶体和血液中的无积水分所构成）。
Inthesameway,onaplanetaryscale,thechoppingdownofanentireforestmaynot
threatenEarth"slifeingeneral,butitwillproduceseriouschangesinthelifeformsoftheregionandeveninthenatureofthewaterrunoffand,therefore,inthedetailsofgeologicalstructure.
5.同样，从全球的规模考虑，砍掉一整片森林在总体上不会对地球生命构成威胁，但
是这样做会对该地区的生态形成严重的影响，甚至会造成水的流失，从而引起地质结构的细微变化。
Barringinterferencefromoutside,theeatersandtheeatenretaintheirpropernumbers,
andbotharethebetterforit.
如果排除外界的干扰，食肉动物和被吃动物都保持一个适当的数量，这样对双方都
有好处。ThepresentrateofincreaseofEarth"sswarminghumanpopulationqualifiesHomo
sapiensasanecologicalcancer,whichwilldestroytheecologyjustassurelyasanyordinarycancerwoulddestroyanorganism.
目前世界人口的急剧增长率使人类可以被称为生态恶性肿瘤。这种恶性肿瘤肯定会
摧毁生态环境，正如普通的癌细胞会摧毁人的肌体一样。
Unit4
Theflowofnoveltiesinvocabulary,inidiom,eveninpronunciation,isnow
overwhelminglyeastward.
新词汇、新习语、甚至新发音都已无法抗拒的势力源源不断传入东方。
WeseldomborrowanEnglishwordorphrasesanymore,thoughweusedtoborrow
many;buttheEnglishtakeinourinventionsalmostasfastaswecanlaunchthem.
从前我们常常借用很多英语词或短语，但现在很少这样做。但英语却吸纳我们创造
的词，我们创造有多快，其吸纳的速度几乎就有多快。
TheAmericancanmovie,Isuppose,islargelyresponsibleforthischange,butthereare
unquestionablydeepercausestoo.
我认为，美国电影固然对这一变化起了很大作用，但毫无疑问，还有更深刻的原因。Englishisstillabittight,abitstiff,morethanalittleartificial.英语依然有点太严格、有点僵硬，且过于矫揉造作。
ButAmericanhasgoneondevelopingwithalmostElizabethanprodigality.而美语的发
展却像伊丽莎白时代一样繁荣。
Alltheprocessesofword-formationthatwereinoperationinShakespearesEnglandare
stillinoperationhere,andtheyproduceasteadystreamofneologismsthatewouldhaverelishedasjoyfullyasherelishedthenoveltiesactuallyproducedinhistime.
所有那些在英国莎士比亚时代应用的构词方法，现在依然在美国应用着，新词源源
不断地产生。如果沙翁健在这些新词一定会使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活的时代产生的新词曾使他欣喜若狂一样
UNIT5
Thegoalofscienceistofindouthowtheworldworks,toseekwhatregularitiestheremaybe,topenetratetotheconnectionsofthings---fromsubnuclearparticles,whichmaybetheconstituentsofallmatter,tolivingorganisms,thehumansocialcommunity,andthencetothecosmosasawhole.
科学的目的是弄清世界的运行特点，寻求其间可能存在的规律，洞察事物之间的联系----从构成一切物质的亚核粒子，到生物有机体，人类社会群体，以至整个宇宙。
Everyculturehasposedsuchquestionsinonewayoranother.Almostalwaysthe
proposedanswersareinthenatureof“JustSoStories”,attemptedexplanationsdivorcedfromexperiment,orevenfromcarefulcomparativeobservations.世界上每一文化群体都以这样或那样的方式提出过这些问题。而所提供的答案几乎
都带有“就这么回事”的性质，这些尝试性的解释总是脱离实验，甚至没有经过细心的比较观察。
Topenetrateintotheheartofthething---evenalittlething,abladeofgrass,asWalt
Whitmansaid---istoexperienceakindofexhilarationthat,itmaybe,onlyhumanbeingsofallthebeingsonthisplanetcanfeel.
要透彻的领悟一件事物，哪怕是很小的一件东西---比如惠特曼所说的一片草叶，也
会经历一种喜悦，这种喜悦，在整个世界的所有生灵中只有人类才能感受到。Andsometimeswehearpronouncementsfromscientistswhoconfidentlystatethat
everythingworthknowingwillsoonbeknow---orevenisalreadyknownandwhopaintpicturesofaDionysianageinwhichthezestforintellectualdiscoveryhaswithered,tobeplacedbyakindofsubduedlanguor,thelotus-eatersdrinkingfermentedcoconutmilkorsomeothermildhallucinogen.
有时我们听到一些科学家发表的宣言，他们充满信心的宣称，每一件值得弄清的事
物都会很快为大家所知，或者说有些已经众所周之。他们描绘的是狄奥尼修斯和波利尼西亚时代的图画，在这些画中，人们对知识探索的热情已经减退，取而代之的是一种被征服的怠惰，成了饮用发酵椰子汁和其他一些温和迷幻剂的安逸度日者。Ifwecouldshrinkourselvesintothiscrystallineworld,wecouldseerankuponrankof
atomsinanorderedarray,aregularlyalternatingstructure---sodium,chlorine,sodiumchlorine,specifyingthesheetofatomswearestandingonandallthesheetsaboveusandbelowus.
如果我们可以缩小身体进入这个晶体世界，我们可以看见一排排原子形成有序的点
阵，呈一种有规律的交替结构---钠原子、氯原子、氯化钠原子，这些点阵精确的勾画出我们所站的这一层原子以及在我们头上、头下的所有原子层的示意图。
下册：UNIT1
1.Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtle
changesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.
在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经历四个感知方面的微妙变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；
1.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisour
perceptionoftimedowehaveplentyofit,orarewebeginningtofeelthattimeisrunningout?
第二，在生活的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感；第三是我们对时间的认识，是感到来日方长，还是开始感到时日无多？
1.Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.These
arethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeaction.
最后是对自己的精力和活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充沛，还是感到力不从心？这些都是在我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们采取行动前的种种决定。
1.Thetasksofthispassagearetolocateourselvesinapeergrouprole,asexrole,an
anticipatedoccupation,anideologyorworldview.人生这一阶段的任务是，在同龄人中，在性别角色中，在期望的职业中，以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立自己的位置。
2.Asaresult,wegathertheimpetustoleavehomephysicallyandtheidentitytobegin
leavinghomeemotionally.
这样，我们既有了离家独立的动力，也有了离家独立的心理准备。
1.Buoyedbypowerfulillusionsandbeliefinthepowerofthewill,wecommonlyinsistin
ourtewntiesthatwhatwehavechosentodoistheonetruecourseinlife.由于幻想的鼓舞和支持以及对自己意志充满信心，我们在二十几岁时普遍认定自己选择的道路是人生真正的事业所在。
2.Ourbacksgoupatthemeresthintthatwearelikeourparents,thattwodecadesof
parentaltrainingmightbereflectedinourcurrentactionsandattitudes.
如果有人说我们很想自己的父母，说我们的言行举止是父母二十多年来教育和熏陶的结果，我们会很不高兴Unit2
IttookseveralyearsforthevirustobreakoutofCongo"sdenseandsparselypopulatedjunglesbut,onceitdid,itmarchedwithrebelarmiesthroughthecontinent"snumerouswarzones,几年之后此病毒从刚果荒蛮浓密的从林中爆发出来。一旦流传开来，它就随着反叛部队穿越大陆的各个战区；
rodewithtruckersfromonerest-stopbrotheltothenest,andeventuallyflew,perhapswithanairsteward,toAmerica,whereitwasdiscoveredintheearly1980s.
随着货车司机驶过各个妓院；最终，可能随着空中乘务员飞往美国，并在那里于20世纪80年代初被发现。
Ofthe25monitoringsitesinZimbabwewherepregnantwomenaretestedforHIV,onlytwoin1997showedprevalencebelow10%.
在津巴布韦的25个受监控的地区，怀孕的妇女接收了HIV病毒的检测。1997年只有两个地区显示其感染率在10%以下。
Thisisbecausesomanypeopleinpoorcountriesdonotcontributemuchtotheformaleconomy.Toputitevenmorecrudely,wherethereisahugeoversupplyofunskilledlabour,thedeadcaneasilybereplaced.
这是因为在贫困国家许多人对正常的经济发展不起作用。说的再残酷些，在一个拥有大量非技术劳力的国家里，死去的劳力很容易被取代
WhenabreadwinnerdevelopsAIDS,his(orher)familyisimpoverishedtwiceover:hisincomevanishes,andhisrelationsmustdevotetimeandmoneytonursinghim.
当一家之主染上了艾滋病，他或她的家庭损失就不是一个人的事了。因为不止是他的收入没有了，他的亲属还要花时间和金钱去照料他。
TherewasnoattempttoplaydownthespreadofHIVtoavoidscaringofftourists,ashappenedinKenya.Thaiwererepeatedlywarnedofthedangers,toldhowtoavoidthem,andlefttomaketheirownchoices.
泰国政府认为没有必要像肯尼亚那样由于害怕吓走了旅游者而淡化HIV传播的严重性。泰国人被反复告知HIV的危害性，以及如何避免它，最后由他们自己去做出选择。
UNIT3
Foralmostfouryears,researchintoHIVhasbeendominatedbyasingletheoryabouthowtheviruscausesthecatastrophiccollapseoftheimmunedefencesthatleadstoAIDS.Buttheconsensusonthisthetheoryisnowcrumbling,thanksinparttotheworkofaDutchteamledbyimmunologistFrankMiedema.
近四年来，病毒引起免疫系统灾难性崩溃从而导致艾滋病这一理论一直主宰着人类对HIV的研究。但是这种理论的一致性现在正在动摇，部分原因是由于免疫学家弗兰克-米德马领导的一支荷兰小组对HIV的研究工作。
IftheDutchteamisright,theconsequenceswillbeprofound.PeoplewithHIVmayhopefornewtypesoftreatment.Andsomeofthemostcherisheddogmasofamultibillion-dollarresearchindustrymaybeoverturned.
如果荷兰小组是正确的话，其影响将是深远的。感染HIV的人将有望得到新方法的治疗。而一些花费几十亿美元的研究项目中最具权威的理论就会被推翻。Unit4
Ingeneral,theWTOhasadoptedruleswhichareintheinterestoftrans-nationalbusinessandrejectedrulesbybusiness.WTOpolicieshavebeenprotestedbyrepresentativesof“civilsociety”,suchasunions,consumeractivists,environmentalists,indigenouspeople,andwomensgroups.
总体而言，世界贸易组织采纳了有利于跨国商务活动的规则，拒绝了商务活动反对的规则。世界贸易组织的政策遭到了来自“民间社团”的代表，如工会、消费者积极分子、环境保护主义者、土著居民、妇女团体等的反对。
InMexico,whereacurrencycrisisthrewthenationintodepressionshortlyafterimplementationofNAFTA,smallbusinessownerswereinthestreet,too,opposing“freetrade”.Poorcountriesoftheglobalsouth,whichdisagreewithnorthernunionsoverlaborprotections,agreetheWTOisnotworkingintheinterestsofmostpeople.
墨西哥在执行北美贸易协定不久，货币危机使国家陷入经济萧条，小业主们也走向街头反对“自由贸易”。不同意北部联盟有关劳动保护条款的南半球的贫穷国家也认为世界贸易组织并不为大多数人谋福利。Unit
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