大学英语四级语法汇总解析练习3

大学英语四级语法汇总解析练习3

语法讲座与练习（三）

动名词

动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。时态/语态主动被动一般式完成式writinghavingwrittenbeingwrittenhavingbeenwritten1动名词作主语、宾语和表语

1）作主语。例如：

FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语

a.有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：

admit承认deny否认finish完成recall回忆face面对

appreciate感激

detest讨厌imagine想象resent讨厌include包括

endure忍受mind介意resume继续stand忍受

enjoy喜欢miss想念resist抵抗understand理解

escape逃脱

fancy想象练

risk冒险

suggest建议

forgive宽恕keep继续postpone推迟practice训

avoid避免

complete完成

consider认为delay耽误

例如：Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗

Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。

b.有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：admittoprefer…tobeusedtoleadtodevoteobjectto

oneselfto

sticktonogoodnousebefondoflookforwardbeproudof

to

bebusycan"thelpbetiredofbecapablebeafraidofthinkof

of

burstoutkeeponinsistoncountonsetabout

putoffbegoodattakeupgiveupbesuccessful

in

3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：

Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。

比较：Sheiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：

awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台aswimmingpool=apoolswimming游泳池

有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：

boilingpoint=atemperaturepointatwhichsomethingbeginstoboil沸点

awalkingtractor=atractorwhichadrivercanoperatewhileheorsheiswalkingbehindit手扶拖拉机

2.动名词的逻辑主语

如果动名词的主语不是句子的主语是,用“物主代词或名词所有格作动名词的逻辑主语。

1).Idon’tmind__thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate.A)youtodelaymakingB)yourdelayingmakingC)yourdelayingtomakeD)youdelaytomake

2).___inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.A)thegirlwaseducatedB)thegirleducated

C)thegirl’sbeingeducatedD)thegirltobeeducated

3动名词的时态和语态

动名词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生或正在发生，用一般式。若动名词所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作，需用它的完成式。动名词的被动语态表示它的逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的承受者。

名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。时态/语态主动被动一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten例如:Hewaspraisedforhavingmadeagreatcontributiontohiscountry.Hishavingbeenelectedaschairmanoftheclubsurprisedusgreatly.

补充：动名词在deserve,need,require,want,worth等词后，常以主动形式表示被动意义。

Yourhairwants__.You’dbetterhaveitdonetomorrow.A)cutB)tocutC)cuttingD)beingcut

4动名词与不定式

1）动名词与不定式的区别：

动名词表达的是：状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的不定式表达的是：目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的2）有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义基本相同。

3）有些动词如continue接不定式或动名词作宾语，意义大相径庭。常见的，下一节有专门讨论。特殊词精讲1stopdoing/todo

stoptodo停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事，stopdoing停止做某事。例如：Theystoptosmokeacigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。

Imuststopsmoking.我必须戒烟了。

典型例题

Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped___onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest答案：C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择"stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事"。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stopdoingsth.不正确。

2forgetdoing/todo

forgettodo忘记要去做某事，forgetdoing忘记做过某事。例如：

Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Heforgottoturnitoff.办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）

Heforgotturningthelightoff.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）

典型例题

----Thelightintheofficeisstillon.----Oh，Iforgot___.

A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案：C。由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示灯已经关上了，而忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。3rememberdoing/todo

remembertodo记得去做某事，rememberdoing记得做过某事。例如：

Remembertogotothepostofficeafterschool.记着放学后去趟邮局。Don"tyourememberseeingthemanbefore?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?4regretdoing/todo

regrettodo对将要做的事遗憾，regretdoing对做过的事遗憾、后悔。例如：Iregrettohavetodothis,butIhavenochoice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。

Idon"tregrettellingherwhatIthought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。典型例题

---Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.---Well,nowIregret___that.

A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone

答案：D。regrethavingdonesth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regrettodosth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。5ceasedoing/todo

ceasetodo长时间，甚至永远停做某事，ceasedoing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如：

Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.那个系已不复存在。

Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。6trydoing/todo

trytodo努力，企图做某事，trydoing试验，试着做某事。例如：

Youmusttrytobemorecareful.你可要多加小心。

Itriedgardeningbutdidn"tsucceed.我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。7goondoing/todo

goontodo做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，goondoing继续做原来做的事。例

如：

Afterhehadfinishedhismaths，hewentontodohisphysics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。

Goondoingtheotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习8beafraiddoing/todo

beafraidtodo不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"，beafraidofdoing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。例如：

Shewasafraidtostepfurtheringrassbecauseshewasafraidofbeingbittenbyasnake.

她生怕被蛇咬着，不敢在草丛中再走一步。

Shewasafraidtowakeherhusband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。9beinteresteddoing/todo

interestedtodo对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事，interestedindoing对某种想法感兴趣，doing通常为想法。例如：

Ishallbeinterestedtoknowwhathappens.我很想知道发生了什么事。（想了解）I"minterestedinworkinginSwitzerland.Doyouhaveanyideaaboutthat?我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?（一种想法）10meantodoing/todo

meantodo打算、想，meandoing意味着。例如：

Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。Toraisewagemeansincreasingpurchasingpower.增加工资意味着增加购买力。11begin（start）doing/todo

begin/starttodosth/begin/startdoingsth.

1）谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing。例如：

Howoldwereyouwhenyoufirststartedplayingthepiano?2）begin,start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式todo。例如：Iwasbeginningtogetangry。我开始生起气来。

3）在attempt,intend,begin,start后接know,understand,realize这类动词时，常用不定式todo。例如：

Ibegintounderstandthetruth。我开始明白真相。4）事物作主语时。例如：

Thesnowbegantomelt.雪开始融化了12感官动词+doing/todo

感官动词see,watch,observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,smell,taste,feel+do表示动作的完整性，+doing表示动作的进行性。例如：

Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（强调"我看见了"这个事实）

Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）昨天我见他正在花园里干活。典型例题

1）Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow答案：A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用seesbdosth的句型。

2）Themissingboywaslastseen___neartheriver.

A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay

答案A.本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用seesb.doingsth句型。13.worth的用法

worth,worthy,worthwhile都是形容词，意为"值得"。

1.worth：beworth+n.当名词为金钱时，表示"……值得……"

常见的有It’sworthwhiletodo./It’sworth（someone’s）whiledoing

beworthdoingsth."……某事值得被做"

Thequestionisnotworthdiscussingagainandagain.这问题不值得反复讨论。2.worthy：beworthyof+n.当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"beworthytobedone"某事值得被做"

Thequestionisnotworthytobediscussedagainandagain.3.worthwhile：beworthwhiletodosth"值得做某事"

Itisworthwhiletoaskhimtojointheclub.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。典型例题

Itisnot____todiscussthequestionagainandagain.A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.worthwhile

答案C.由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组beworthwhiletodosth.。选C。

扩展阅读：大学英语四级语法汇总解析练习

语法讲座与练习（一）

非谓语动词

在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。担任成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语谓语的一插入语种类部分√√√√√√√不定式√√√√√√√分词√√√动名词√动词不定式（theInfinitive）

动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。不定式具

有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。时态\\语态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing/1．不定式作主语

Tosaysomethingisonething,buttodoitisanother.

[注]不定式作主语，尤其是当主语较长而谓语较短时，往往用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放至句子的后面。

例如：It"ssonicetohearyourvoice.

It"snecessaryforyoutolockthecarwhenyoudonotuseit.

Itseemedselfishofhimnottogivethemanything.典型例题

Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto___.A.sitB.sitonC.beseatD.besaton

答案：B.如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。2.不定式作宾语，大致上有三种情况。

1）有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。例如：affordaimagreearrangeaskattemptbothercarechooseclaimconsentdeterminedecidedeclinedemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendeavorhopefailhelplearnlong渴望meanmanageofferplanpretendrefusetendundertakevolunteerseekintendpromisethreatenprepare

例如：

Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.Heofferedtohelpme.

2）有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如：decideknowconsiderforgetlearnremembershowwonderfindouttellinquireexplain例如：

Pleaseshowushowtodothat.

Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan"tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.

疑问词+不定式的结构也可做主语和宾补.

3)有些动词可以跟there+tobe的结构。例如：believeexpectintendlikelovemeanpreferwantwishunderstand例如：

Wedidn"texpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.

Youwouldn’twanttheretobeanotherwar.3.不定式作补语

1）有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如：adviseallowcausechallengecommandcompeldrive驱使enableencourageforbidforceimpelinduceinstructinvitelike/loveorderpermitmakeletpermitwantgetwarnpersuaderequestsendtelltrainurgeinspirewarnteachwantaskexpect例如；

Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Theofficerorderedhismentofire.

注意：感官动词see，hear，observe，watch，notice，feel等和使意动词如make，have，let，用不定式作做宾补要省略to,但作为主补不定式带to.例如：Theteachermakesuswriteacompositioneveryweek.Wearemadetowriteacompositioneveryweek.

2)有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构，不定式的动词往往是be，不定式一般可以省去。例如：considerfindbelievethinkdeclare（声appoint

称）

guessfancy（设guessjudgeimagineknow

想）

例如：

Webelievehimtobeguilty.我们相信他是有罪的。Weknowhimtobeafool.我们知道他是个笨蛋。（tobe不能省去）典型例题

CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered___thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

答案：C.一般没有consider+宾语+be以外不定式的结构，也没有consider+宾语

+doing的结构，排除A、B、D。consider用动词be以外的不定式作宾补时，一般要求用不定式的完成式，故选C。4.不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Thequestionishowtoorganizethework.Toseeistobelieve.5.不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后，往往表示未发生的动作。例如：Ihavealotofworktodo.

Therewasnothingtobringhomethatmorning.

常跟不定式做定语的名词中，有很多是有常跟不定式的动词或形容词派生来的,常见的有ability,agreement,ambition,anxiety,attempt,claim,decision,determination,eagerness,failure,intension,hope,plan,promise,refusal,reluctance,resolution,tendency,threat,wish等.

例如:Hisattempttosoletheproblemfailedagain.

Thefirst,second,last,onlybest等后可跟不定式做定语。

例如:Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.6.不定式作状语

1）目的状语

常用结构为todo,onlytodo（仅仅为了）,inordertodo,soastodo,so（such）…asto…（如此…以便…）。例如：Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.

2）作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。

Iawoketofindmytruckgone.

Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.3）表原因

I"mgladtoseeyou.

Shewepttoseethesight.4）做独立成份

Tobefair,hehasworkedhardthesedays.Wedon’tlikeyouridea,totellyouthetruth.7.作谓语结构的一部分

1)besaid/reported/know…+不定式

ShanxiProvinceisknowntohaverichcoalreserves.

2)belikely/certain/sure/wiling/anxious,ready/bound/eager/reluctant…+不定式

Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

几点注意事项

1.不定式的逻辑主语

不定式作主语和宾语时,当逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,要用for或of+名词/代词放在不定式前做逻辑主语.即It"sforsb.todo和It"sofsb.todo1）forsb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等：例如：

It"sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.

2）ofsb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,clever,considerate,courageous,cruel,foolish,good,grateful,honest,kind,nice,polite,right,rude,silly,stupid,thoughtful,wicked,wise,wrong。例如：

It"sveryniceofyoutohelpme.

Ithinkofhimnottoacceptourinvitation.2.动词不定式的否定式

在不定式标志to前加上not。例如：Tellhimnottoshutthewindow。

ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.典型例题

1）Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter___afterdrinking.

A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriverC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive答案：A。2）Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet，buthismothertoldhim____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto

答案：A。notto为nottodoit的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有宾语，因此也B，D不对。3.省去to的动词不定式

1）情态动词（除ought外）后。

2）使役动词let,have,make后，感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel等后。

注意：被动语态中不能省去to。例如：Isawhimdance.

=Hewasseentodance.

Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3）wouldrather，hadbetter句型后4）Why…/whynot…句型后

5）help后可带to，也可不带to,helpsb（to）dosth：

但是can’thelpdoing=can’thelpbutdo不得不,禁不住

6）but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。比较：Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.

Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.7）由and,or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to可以省去：

8）通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think等词后作宾补时，可以省去tobe。例如：

Heissupposed（tobe）nice.他应该是个好人。典型例题

(1）----Iusuallygotherebytrain.

----Whynot___byboatforachange?

A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing答案：D.whynot后面接不带to的不定式，因此选D。(2）Pauldoesn"thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

答案：B.make后接不带to的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to不可省略。4.不定式的时态和语态

1）一般式表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后，例如Heseemstoknowthis.

Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI"llseeyouagain.

2）完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如：I"msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.

3）进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。例如：Heseemstobeeatingsomething.

4）完成进行式表示动作从过去开始并延续至说话的时候。例如：Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.

5)不定式的逻辑主语若是不定式所表示动作的执行者，用不定式的主动式;若是承受者,要用被动式.

Thisbookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.但在某些习惯用法中，常用不定式的主动式代替被动式.Ihaveameetingtoattend.

Thereisalotofworktodotoday.

Thisproblemistoodifficulttoexplaininafewwords.Theyfoundthebookdifficulttoread.Noneofuswastoblameforthat.

5.不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to太…以至于…。例如：Heistooexcitedtospeak.----CanIhelpyou?

----Well,I"mafraidtheboxistooheavyforyoutocarryit,butthankyouallthesame.

2）如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定，too后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意为"不太"。例如：

It"snevertoolatetomend.改过不嫌晚。（谚语）

3）当too前面有only,all,but时，意思是：非常…等于very。例如：I"monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.能帮助你我非常高兴。Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.他非常想回家。

6.不定式的特殊句型soasto

1）表示目的；它的否定式是soasnottodo。例如：

Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsoasnottolosehisjob.2）表示结果。例如：

Wouldyoubesokindastotellmethetime?7.注意比较作不定式符号的to与用作介词的to

to可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to都用作介词：admittoobjecttobeaccustomedbeusedtosticktoturntoconfesstolookforwardto

bedevotedtotopayattentionto6

contributetoapologizetodevoteoneselfto

Iwas______worklastweek,butIchangedmymind.

a.tostartb.tohavestartedc.tobestartingd.tohavebeenstarting2.Iintended______thematterwithyou,butIhadsomeguestshen.

a.discussb.discussingc.havingdiscussedd.tohavediscussed3.Don’tletmecatchyou______.

a.dothatagainb.todothatagainc.doingthatagaind.donethatagain4.Therearemanykindsofmetals______.

a.eachhasitsspecialpropertiesb.onehasitsspecialpropertiesb.eachhavingitsspecialpropertiesd.havingitsspecialproperties5.It’spay-day,andthey’rewaiting______.

a.forpayingb.tobepaidc.tobepayingd.tohavepaid6._______trouble,I’mgoingtoforgetthewholeaffair.

a.Thenrathercauseb.Rathercausingc.Ratherthancaused.Ratherthancaused

7.Thebrillianceofhissatireswas______makeevenhisvictimslaugh.

a.soastob.suchastoc.sothatd.suchthat

8.Childrenwithparentswhoseguidanceisfirm,consistent,andrationalareinclined______highlevelsofself-confidence.

a.possessb.havepossessedc.topossessd.possessing9.Theworkeris______inrepairingthemachinetonoticemycoming.

a.toobusyb.enoughbusyc.busytood.busyenough10.“Whatdidyoudointhegarden?”

“Iwatchedmyfather______hismotorbike.”

a.torepairb.repairedc.repairingd.repairs

11.Wemusthaveanengineer______theworkersbuildthehouse.

a.toseeb.seec.seeingd.seen

12.Inductionmeans______ageneralconclusionfromspecialfacts.

a.tocometob.tocomingc.comingtod.came

13.I’mnotgoingtoasktheteacherwhyhegavemethatgrade;Iintend_______.

a.toletrestthematterb.themattertobeletrestingc.lettingthemattertorestd.toletthematterrest14.Ihavetried_______worryingaboutit.

a.tostopconsciouslyb.toconsciouslystopc.toconsciousstoppingd.tostoppingconsciously15.“Doyouwanttogiveatalkonthatsubject?”

“Iprefer______.”

a.notwantb.notwantingc.tonotgivingd.notto16.I_______thetruthofyourremarks,althoughtheygoagainstmyinterests.

a.cannotbutadmitb.cannothelpbuttoadmitc.cannotbutadmittingd.cannothelpbutadmitting17.Sincesheisangry,we______.

a.hadbetterleavingheraloneb.shouldleaveheralonec.mightaswellleaveheraloned.hadratherleaveheralone

18.Idon’tallow______inmyofficeandIdon’tallowmyfamily______atall.

a.tosmoke…smokingb.smoking…tosmokec.tosmoke…tosmoked.smoking…smoking

19.Youshouldremember______fromthepointwhenyouarewritingacomposition.

a.don’twanderb.nottowanderc.nowanderingd.notwander20.Graceadvisedustowithdraw______.

a.soastogetnotinvolvedb.soasnottogetinvolvedc.sothattogetnotinvolvedd.asnottogetinvolved

21.Heranallthewayuptothestation______thatthetrainhadleftfifteenminutesbefore.

a.inordertofindb.soastofindc.onlytofindd.suchastofind22.Georgewenthuntingforaweekbutstillhedidn’tfindaroom______.

a.toliveb.toliveinc.forlivingd.tobelivingin23.Youshouldreallyavoid______athomealoneasheisoldandill.

a.yourfatherstayb.yourfathertostayc.yourfather’sstayingd.yourfatherwhostays

24.Johndidn’twanttorisk______wetashehadonlyonesuit.

a.gettingb.togetc.beinggotd.tobegotten

25.I’mdisappointedwiththenewofficerselectedinourclub,butthereisnopoint_______aboutit.

a.toworryb.inworryingc.withusworryingd.ifweworry26.Itwon’tbeanyuse______toborrowanymoremoney.

a.youtotryb.ofyourtryingc.tryingyoud.yourtrying27.Thelawrequiresallcars_______forsafetyandefficiency.

a.beingtestedregularlyb.toberegularlytestedc.beregularlytestedd.regularlytested

28.Iremember______tothezoobymyfatherwhenIwaslittle.

a.beingtakenb.takingc.havebeentakend.tohavetaken

29.Icompletelyforgot______thefrontdoorlastnightandfeelfortunatethatnothingisstolen.

a.lockingb.beinglockedc.tolockd.tohavelocked30.Iregret______youthatyourapplicationhasbeenrefused.

a.informingb.beinginformedc.tobeinformedd.toinform

31.Ididn’tmean______anything,buttheseappleslookedsogoodIcouldn’tresist______one.

a.toeat…tryingb.toeat…otryingc.eating…totryd.eating…totrying32.Iknowitisn’timportantbutIcan’thelp______aboutit.

a.buttothinkb.thinkingc.thinkd.tothink

33.Theship,______toashapelesswreck,washardlyrecognizable.

a.beingreducedb.reducingc.reducedd.havingbeenreducing34.Theyoungdoctorcouldnotsleepatnight,histhoughts______himnopeace.

a.gaveb.givingc.beinggivend.togive35.Afteralongwalkonahotday,onefeels______.

a.exhaustiveb.exhaustingc.exhaustd.exhausted

36.Thoserelativesofhisare______.Idon’twanttohaveanydealingswiththem.

a.boringpeopleb.boredpeople

c.peoplehavingboredd.peoplehavingboring

37.Youmustfollowthedirectionsexactlyandifyoubecome______,youmusttakethetimetogobackagainandrereadthem.

a.toconfuseb.confusingc.confused.confused

38.ThereissomethingwrongwithmyTVset,Imusthaveit______.

a.checkingb.checkc.tocheckd.checked

39.Hewasjustabouttojumpupwhenhefeltsomething______nearhisfeet.

a.tomoveb.movec.movingd.moved

40.______withthecorrespondingperiodoflastyear,theoutputofchemicalfibersinthefirstquarterroseby15%.

a.Comparingb.Tocomparec.Comparedd.Compare41.“Wastherallysuccessful?’

“No,becausethenumberof______wassmallerthanwehadexpected.”a.peoplewhoattendb.attendedpeoplec.peopleattendingd.attendanceofpeople

42.UncleDickhasalreadyarrive.Doyouexpect______toseehim?

a.Goingb.goc.togod.thatyougo

43.FromtheelectricrefrigeratorDicktakesacartonofcream,anotheroffreshmilkandacanof______orangejuice.

a.frozenb.frozec.freezingd.freezed44.Hefeltbadfor______achancetostudyabroad.

a.havingnotgivenb.nothavinggiven

c.havingnotbeengivend.nothavingbeengiven

45.Insomecountriestherearealreadyanumberoffirms______computerprogramming.

a.specializeinb.specializedinc.specializingind.specializesin46.Theyoungmanwhosawthecar______intotherivertelephonedthepolicestation.

a.plungeb.plungedc.wasplungingd.toplunge

47.Whileshewasshopping,shekept______thelisttomakesureshehadn’tforgottenanything.

a.checkedb.checkingc.tocheckd.check48.You’dbetter______.

a.tohaveyourshoesmendedb.tohavemendedyourshoesc.haveyourshoesmendedd.havingyourshoesmended49.Themachinesaremade______atfullspeed.

a.workb.workingc.toworkd.tobeworked

50.Itiscertainthatmenwillneverstop______newenergysourcestopowertheirgrowingindustry.

a.findingb.tofindc.havingfoundd.found

51.Itisreallyquiteextraordinarythatweshouldhavebeenatthesamecollegewithout______before.

a.metb.beingmetc.havingmetd.havingbeenmet

52.ProfessorSmithissaid______anotherimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.

a.havingmadeb.havingbeenmadec.tohavemaded.tomake

53.Withoutthesun’slight______theearth’ssurface,itwouldbesocoldthatlifecouldnotexistontheearth.

a.warmsb.warmedc.warmingd.towarm54.Therocketwillweighabout200tonswhen______.

a.beingcompletedb.completedcompletingd.havebeencompleted55.Thereareplans______anumberofatomicpowerstationinthisregions.

a.tobuildb.tobebuiltc.buildingd.beingbuilt56.Allofusarelookingforwardto______atriptotheMingTombs.

a.makeb.makingc.tomakingd.havemade57.Ican’tunderstand______adecisionuntilitistoolate.

a.himtopostponetomakeb.hispostponingtomakec.himtopostponingmakingd.hispostponingmaking58.Iwouldlike______thatIdon’thaveaveryhighopinionofyou.

a.tohaveyouknowb.haveyouknowc.tohaveyourknownd.havingyouknow

59.Ihadintended______himwhilehewaslivingatAberdeen.

a.visitingb.visitc.tohavevisitedd.havingvisited60.Doyouconsiderbetter_______?

a.notdoingitagainb.notdoitagainc.nothavingdoneitagaind.nottodoitagain61.Thefamousscientistwaseasy_______alongwith.

a.togetb.forgettingc.gettingd.got

62.Thestudentswillhavemorediscussionslikethisintheweeks______.

a.comingb.tocomec.comed.tobecoming

63.Hefeltlonelyatfirst,butafteratimehegot______aloneandevengot______it.

a.usedtoliving…tolikeb.usedtolive…tolike

c.usingtolive…likingd.tobeusedtoliving…liking

64.Ourmasterraisedhisvoicesothatthecouldmakehimself______bythepupilsinthebackofthehall.

a.hearb.heardc.hearingd.tobeheard

65.Whenheawoke,hefoundhimself______inthehospitaland______byanoldwoman.

a.lying…beinglookedafterb.lying…belookingafterc.lie…belookedafterd.lie…beinglookedafter66.______fromthehill-topthelakesceneryisbeyonddescription.

a.Toseeb.Seeingc.Seend.Havingseen67.______inthestrangeforest,thepoorgirlsfellto______.

a.Lost…cryingb.Lost…cryc.Tolost…cryd.Havingbeenlost…crying68.They’llhaveyou______ifyoudon’tpayyourtaxes.

a.tobearrestedb.arrestc.arrestedd.beingarrested

69.Allflights______becauseofthestorm,theydecidedtotakethetrain.

a.havingcancelledb.werecancelledc.havebeencancelledd.havingbeencancelled

70.AlthoughitwasverylatewhenJohnbegandoingthejob,hemanagedwithhisfriend’sassistance,______beforethebuildingwaslocked.

a.tobefinishedb.beingfinishedc.finishingd.tofinish

71.Despitetheearnesteffortsofvariousprivategroupsaswellasgovernmentagencies,manyoftheproblemshavenotyetbeensolved,andmuchremainsto______.

a.havebeendoneb.bedonec.havedoned.do

72.______thatbadweatherwasontheway,theclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattemptonEigeruntilthefollowingweek.

a.Havingtoldb.Beingtoldc.Tellingd.Havingbeentold

73.MembersoftheGovernmentitselfacknowledgemanyoftheirpredictions_______wildlyover-optimistic.

a.tobeb.beingc.tohavebeend.havingbeen

74.Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers______amatchwithoutastandardcourt.

a.objectedtohavingb.objectedtohave

c.wereobjectedtohaved.wereobjectedtohaving75.Theteacherdoesn’tpermit______inclass.

a.smokeb.smokingc.tosmoked.tohavesmoke76.IlikewatchingTV______tothecinema.

a.morethantogob.morethangoingc.thangoingd.ratherthantogo

77.Themanagerpromisedtokeepme______ofhowourbusinesswasgoingon.

a.tobeinformedb.informedc.oninformingd.informing

78.Mrs.Brownissupposed______forItalylastweek.

a.tohaveleftb.toleavec.tobeleavingd.tohavebeenleft79.Dorothywenttoworkquietly,______toworkashardasshecould.

a.hermindbeingmadeupb.withhermindmadeupc.withhermindmakingupd.hemindmakingup

80.Husbandandwifewithacommondutytothecountrywillfindthemselves______closertogether.

a.beendrawnb.drawnc.todrawd.drawing

81.Herewefoundlittlesnow,asmostofitseemed______blownoffthemountain.

a.tohavebeenb.thatitwasc.tobed.thatithadbeen

82.______halfwaythroughtheexercise,theteacherchangedhismindandcollectedallourpapers.

a.Whenonlybeingb.Whenwewereonlyc.Beingonlyd.Havingbeen

83.Somepassengersarereadingthemorningpaper,othersaretalkingwithoneanother,______nervouslyforthetrain.

a.towaitb.arewaitingc.waitingd.beingwaited

84.There’sonethingIdislikeabouthim:hewillneveradmit______amistake.

a.havingmadeb.makingc.beingmaded.havebeenmade85.Stanspenthalfayear______materialforhisnewbook.

a.tocollectb.collectc.collectingd.collected86.It’snouse______menottoworry.

a.youtellb.yourtellingc.foryoutohavetoldd.havingtold

87.Thechairmaninsiststhattherebeameeting_______withintheshortestpossibletime.

a.toholdb.tobeheldc.tohavebeenheldd.tobeholding

88.Whenthefamouspianistwasachild,hewasaccustomed______forseveralhoursaday.

a.topracticingb.topracticec.tobepracticingd.tohavepracticed.

89.InChinahundredsofdifferentdialectsarespoken;peopleofsomevillages______themselvesunderstoodbytheinhabitantsofthenexttown.

a.makingtroublehaveb.havemakingtroublec.havetroublemakingd.troublemakinghave

90.It’sawonderfulplaceforanyone______inarchitecture,asyouare.

a.interestingb.tobeinterestedc.beinginterestedd.interested

91.Anotherfeatureworth______istheroleofinformationthroughoutafeedbackcontrolsystem..

a.noticedb.noticingc.beingnoticedd.notice

92.Ibelieve______verylargelyduetomistakenviewsoftheworld.

a.thisunhappinessareb.tobethisunhappinessc.thisbeunhappinessd.thisunhappinesstobe

93.Whentheymet,Leonardsandhisenemywerefighting______.

a.killedeachotherb.tokilleachotherc.killingeachotherd.tobekilledeachother

94.Beforetheinventionofaero-planes,______intheskylikeabirdwasonlyadream.

a.menflyb.toflyc.forflyingd.manflys95.Atlasttheysucceeded______thejob.

a.topersuadehimtotakeb.inpersuadinghimtotakec.topersuadehimtakingd.inpersuadinghimtaking96.Allthatitdoesis______theplaceofahousewife.

a.takesb.takingc.taked.beingtaken

97.Helistenedtome______whatMr.Smithhadsaidthedaybefore.

a.torepeatb.toberepeatedc.torepeatingd.repeat98.Hecoulddolittleexcept______.

a.writingb.writec.writtend.towrite99.Theelectricshaver______beforeitcanbeused.

a.needsrepairingb.requirestorepair

b.shouldbeinrepaird.hastoberepairable

100.______aproblemrequiringmultiplicationordivision,thecomputersolvesitbyaddingorsubtracting.

a.Givingb.Havinggivenc.Beinggivend.Given

101.YoucanflytoLondonthisevening______youdon’tmindchangingplanesinParis.

a.providedb.exceptc.unlessd.sofaras102.Studentsfromthesouthprefer_______.

a.eatricethanbreadb.eatingricethanbreadc.eatingricetoeatingbreadd.eatingricetoeatbread103.Wouldyoube______tohelpmewithmyluggage?

a.enoughkindb.kindenoughc.tookindd.kindtoo

104.Thefatheradvise______thesecond-handcar.

a.hissontonotbuyb.hissonnottobuyc.hisson’snobuyingd.thathissonnottobuy105.“Doyouintendtocomewithus?”

“Yes,______.”

a.Iintendsob.Iintendthatc.Iintendtod.Iintend106.Ittakesawholeyearfortheearth______roundthesunonce.

a.travelingb.totravelc.traveledd.travels

107.Thefactory______nextyearwillbeoneofthelargestinthiscity.

a.tobuildb.tobebuiltc.beingbuiltd.havingbeenbuilt108.Withtheguide______theway,wesetoffonfootintothedarknight.

a.leadingb.ledc.leadsd.tolead

109.Theygotthework______beforetherainyseasonsetin.

a.todob.donec.doingd.did

110.Thingsareknown______whentheyunitewiththeoxygenoftheair.

a.burningb.toburnc.burnd.beingburning

111.Hewasthoroughlyashamed______somuchmoneyonsuchanuglypicture.

a.forspendingb.withspendingc.tohavespentd.ofhavingspent

112.______oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.

a.Tobefreeb.Freeingc.Tofreed.Freed

113.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper______inbroaddaylightyesterday.

a.toberobbedb.robbedc.tohavebeenrobbedd.havingbeenrobbed

114.Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,______inthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.

a.tobedesertedb.havingdesertedc.tohavebeendesertedd.havingbeendeserted115.“WhereshouldIsendmyapplication?”

“ThePersonnelOfficeistheplace______.”

a.tosentitb.sentittoc.tosendittod.forsendingit

116.Thepublisherwillsendyouaspecimencopyoftheirnewbook______.

a.whenitwillberequestedb.whentheyarerequestedc.whenrequestedd.whenrequestit117.Romeisthecity______.

a.Irathermostliketovisitb.I’dmostliketovisitc.I’mrathertovisitmostd.I’dprefermosttovisit118.There______nofurtherbusiness,themeetingcametoastop.

a.beingb.wasc.beend.hadbeen

119.Pleaseremindme______someeggsforthecomingparty.

a.buyb.tobuyc.ofbuyingd.forbuying120.Don’tsayanythingatthemeetingunless______.

a.askingb.askedc.beingaskedd.tobeasked

121.Theradioannouncedthatallflights______havebeencancelledbecauseofthefog.

a.gooutb.goneoutc.goingoutd.willgoout

122.What’stheuse______extraleisuretimeifyoudon’tknowwhattodo?

a.haveb.tohavec.beinghaved.ofknowing

123.______mathematicalconceptsofsomestudentswasverydifficultbecausethestudentsdidnothaveamathbackground.

a.Explainb.Explainingc.Haveexplainedd.Havingexplained

124.AlthoughJohnwastheoldestinthefamily,healwayslethissister_____chargeofthehouse.

a.totakeb.takingc.taked.taken

125.Commercialbanksmakemostoftheirincomefrominterest______onloansandinvestmentinstocksandbonds.

a.earnb.earnedc.toearnd.wasearned

126.AmeliaEarhart,thefirstwoman______asoloflightacrosstheAtlanticOcean,wasbornin1898.

a.makesb.madec.makingd.tomake127.Itisimpossiblefortheplan______.

a.toputintopracticeb.nottoputintopractice

c.tobeputintopracticed.tobenotputintopractice128.______iswhatshewantstoknow.

a.Whotodoitb.Whomtodoitc.Whodoesitdod.Whomdoingit

129.Mywifesuggested______toScotlandforaholiday,butIfavor______Walesinstead.

a.togo…tovisitb.going…visiting

c.togo…visitingd.going…tovisit

130.Thereareseveral______leavesontheground.

a.fallingb.fallenc.tofalld.fell

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