人教版初中英语语法归纳
人教版初中英语语法归纳
1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官动词)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump
2(比较级and比较级)表示越来越怎么样
3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟(容易)4agreewithsb赞成某人
5allkindsof各种各样akindof一样6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整个世界7alongwith同……一道,伴随……eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我将和你一起去thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers学生同老师们一起种树8Assoonas一怎么样就怎么样9asyoucansee你是知道的
10askfor……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)eg:askyouformybook11asksbforsth向某人什么
12asksbtodosth询问某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事13attheageof在……岁时eg:IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen14atthebeginningof…………的起初;……的开始
15attheendof+地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg:Attheendoftheday16atthistimeofyear在每年的这个时候
17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest18be+doing表:1现在进行时2将来时
19beableto(+v原)=can(+v原)能够……eg:SheisabletosingShecansing20beabletodosth能够干什么eg:sheisabletosing
21beafraidtodo(ofsth恐惧,害怕……eg:I"mafraedtogooutatnightI"mafraidofdog22beallowedtodo被允许做什么
eg:I"mallowedtowatchTV我被允许看电视IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我应该被允许看电视
23beangrywithsb生某人的气eg:Don"tbeangrywithme24beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth为什么而生某人的气
25beas…原级…as和什么一样eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一样高26beashamedto27beawayfrom远离28beawayfrom从……离开
29bebadfor对什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30beborn出生于31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……32becareful当心;小心33bedifferentfrom……和什么不一样34befamousfor以……著名35befriendlytosb对某人友好
36befrom=comefrom来自eg:HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?
37befullof装满……的befilledwith充满eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater
38beglad+to+do/从句39begoingto+v(原)将来时
40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善长,善于……
41begoodfor对什么有好处eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish42behappytodo很高兴做某事43behelpfultosb对某人有好处eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大声朗读对你有好处Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady锻炼对你的身体有好处44beingoodhealth身体健康
45beintrouble处于困难中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble46beinterestedin对某方面感兴趣
47belatefor=comelateto迟到eg:Belateforclass上课迟到48belike像……eg:I"mlikemymother49bemadat生某人的气
50bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51bemadeof由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52benotsure表不确定53beonavisitto参观54bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎
55bequiet安静56beshortfor表**的缩写eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰
57besickinbed生病在床58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou59besorrytohearthat60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou61bestrictindoingsth严于做某事eg:He"sstrictinobeyingnoles
62bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves这些学生对自己不严格
63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面对某人严格64besupposedtodo被要求干什么
65besure表确定66besureofdoingsth对做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell
67besureofsth对做某事有信心eg:I"msureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大脑(老师)
68besurethatsth对做某事有信心eg:I"msuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通过考试
69besuretodosth一定会做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我们一定会通过这次考试WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我们一定能学好英语
70beterrifiedof+名/动doing害怕……71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事72bethesameas…和什么一样73beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事
eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸习惯早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他习惯上课睡觉
74beworthdoing值得做什么75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat丛句
76because+句子becauseof+短语
eg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache77begintodo=starttodo开始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么开始什么eg:Let"sbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome78between…and…两者之间
79borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借给……什么东西eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同81bother打扰bothersbtodosth
eg:I"msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks这个问题困扰了我几个周了He"sbotheringmetolendhimmoney
82bytheendof到……为止83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang
84care关心eg:Don"tyoucareaboutthiscountry"sfuture?你为什么不关心国家的未来85catchupwithsb赶上某人86chatwithsb和某人闲谈takesbto+地点带某人去某地87comein进88comeoverto过来
89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一个好办法吗?90communicatewithsb和某人交流
91consider+doing考虑做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou为什么不考虑去泸州?
92danceto随着……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93decidetodosth决定做某事94doasurveyof做某方面的调查95dobetterin在……方面做得更好
96dowrong做错97Don"tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事98Don"tmind+doing/从句/名词不要介意……
99each+名(单)每一个…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一个学生都有一些书100endup+doing101enjoy+doing喜欢102escapefrom从……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103expecttodosth期待做某事104falldown摔下来falloff从哪摔下来105fallinlovewithsb/sth爱上什么
106farfrom离某地远eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome107find+it+adj+todo发现做某事怎么样
108findsb/sth+adj发现什么怎么样eg:Ifindthebookinteresting109finish完成+doing(名词)
110fittosb=befitforsb适合某人111forgettodo没有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don"tforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor112from…to…从某某到某某eg:Frommeforher
113get/havesthdown做完,被(别人)做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了发(头发被剪了)Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)
114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb与某人相处得好
116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb与某人相处117getreadyfor=bereadyfor为什么而准备eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble给某人麻119getsbtodosth
120get…from…从某处得到某物121giveatalk做报告eg:Heisgiveatall122givesthtosbgivesbsth给某人某物123gofish钓鱼goswimming游泳
124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing继续做这件事125gooutawayfromgooutof126gotoschool上学(用于专业的)gototheschool去学校(不一定是上学)127goodwayto好方法
128hatetodo讨厌没做过的事hatedoing讨厌做过的事
129haveapartyforsb举办谁的晚会130haveatalk听报告谈一谈
131havebeendoing现在完成进行时eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince
132havebeento…(地方)……去过某过地方havegoneto…(地方)去了某地还没回来
133havefun+doing玩得高兴134havesthtodo有什么事要做eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作业要做Ihavenothingtodo我没什么事情做
135havetodosth必须做某事
136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻烦137have…time+doing
138have…(时间)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我请一个月得假139hearsb+do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事140helpalot很大用处
141helpsbwithsth\\one"ssth帮助某人某事(某方面)helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事
142hopetodosth希望做某事
143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)
144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你对什么的看法145if:是否=wether
eg:Idon"tknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
Hedon"tknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146if:如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句
eg:I"llgotoLuZhouifitdoes"train假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州
Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的
I"llgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国147inone"sopinion=sbthink某人认为148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后
150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方(north北sowth南west西east东)
扩展阅读:人教版新目标初中英语语法分类归纳
人教版新目标初中英语语法分类归纳
(一)形容词和副词I.要点A.形容词
1、形容词的用法
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:Heishonestandhardworking.Ifoundthebookinteresting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如:thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.2、形容词比较等级的形式(1)规则形式
一般说来,单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er;--est来构成比较级和最高级;其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more,most.如:great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiest
important-moreimportant-(the)mostimportant(2)不规则形式
good(well)-better-bestbad(ill)-worse-worstmany(much)-more-mostlittle-less-least
(3)形容词比较等级的用法
①表示两者的比较,用形容词的比较级+than.如:Heisclevererthantheotherboys.
Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.
②表示两者以上的比较,用"the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in)…"如:Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.
③表示两者是同等程度,用"as+形容词原级+as".如:HeisastallasI.
Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.④越…越…
例如:ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好
又如:Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
⑥Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.那一天是最令我担心的一天。Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours.
我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。B.副词1、副词的种类
(1)时间副词如:ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等
(2)地点副词如:here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。(3)方式副词如:carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。(4)程度副词如:almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,hardly,so,very等。2、副词比较等级的用法
其用法与形容词相似,只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如:Ofalltheboyshesings(the)mostbeautifully.Wemustworkharder.
3、某些副词在用法上的区别(1)already,yet,still
already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:We’vealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.(2)too,aswell,also,either
too,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和aswell多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如:Hewenttheretoo.Hedidn’tgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.(3)hard,hardly
hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如:Iworkhardeveryday.
Icanhardlyrememberthat.(4)late,lately
lately意为"最近、近来",late意为"晚、迟"。如:Henevercomeslate.
Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?
例1Tom’sfatherthinksheisalready____AhighenoughBtallenoughCenoughhighCenoughtall
解析:该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。例2____theworseIseemtobe.AWhenItakemoremedicineBThemoremedicineItakeCTakingmoreofthemedicineDMoremedicinetaken解析:该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+…,the+形容词比较级+…"意为越…,越…。该句意为:吃的药越多,我的病越是加重。例3"Ihaven’tbeentoLondonyet"."Ihaven’tbeenthere____".
AtooBalsoCeitherDneither
解析:该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不",而C-either则用于否定句中,意为"也"。例4MrSmithwas____movedatthenews.
AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply
解析:该题正确答案为B。A.deep用于副词时,修饰具体的深,如digdeep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词,如该题为deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词,不能互相修饰。
中考英语语法难点大全之二:介词(二)介词I.要点
1、介词和种类
(1)简单介词,常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。(2)复合介词,如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
(1)和动词的搭配,如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。(2)和形容词的搭配,如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat(3)和名词的搭配,如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等.
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语,这种修饰语通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少数几个副词。如:Hecamerightafterdinner.
Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.4、某些介词的意义与用法举例(1)at,on,in(表时间)
表示时间点用at,如atfouro’clock,atmidnight等;表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。
指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等。
指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,inSummer,in1999等。(2)between,among(表位置)
between仅用于二者之间,但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时,也用between,如
I’msittingbetweenTomandAlice.Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如:Heisthebestamongthestudents.(3)beside,besides
beside意为"在…旁边",而besides意为"除…之外"。如:Hesatbesideme.
Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?(4)inthetree,onthetree
inthetree指动物或人在树上,而onthetree指果实、树叶长在树上(5)ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上intheway指挡道
bytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法(6)inthecorner,atthecorner
inthecorner指在拐角内atthecorner指在拐角外(7)inthemorning,onthemorning
inthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨(8)bybus,onthebus
bybus是一般说法onthebus特指乘某一辆车II.例题例1Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English?AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides
解析:A、B两项except等于but,意为"除了…",C-beside意为"在…旁边",不符合题意。而D-besides,意为"除了…之外,还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为:除了英语外,你还知道别的语言吗?
例2Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.AonBatCinDduring
解析:我们均知道,atnight这一短语,但如果night前有修饰词,表具体的夜晚,则要用介词on来修饰,故该题正确答案为A。例3I’mlookingforward____yourletter.AtoBinCatDon
解析:该题正确答案为A。lookforwardto为固定搭配,意为"期望、盼望"。
中考英语语法难点大全之三:连词(三)连词I.要点
1、连词的种类
(1)并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句,如and,for,or,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。
(2)从属连词用来引导从句,如that,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。
除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外,还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句),关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。2、常用连词举例(1)and和,并且
Theydrankandsangallnight.(2)both…and和,既…也…BothmyparentsandIwentthere.(3)but但是,而
I’msad,butheishappy.
(4)either…or或…或…,要么…要么…Eitheryou’rewrong,orIam.(5)for因为
Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.(6)however然而,可是
Affirst,hedidn’twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo.(7)neither…nor既不…也不
Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.(8)notonly…but(also)不但…而且…
Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.(9)or或者,否则
Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.Areyouaworkeroradoctor?(10)so因此,所以
It’sgettinglate,soImustgo.(11)although虽然
Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworking.(12)assoonas一…就
I’lltellhimassoonasIseehim.(13)because因为
Hedidn’tgotoschool,becausehewasill.(14)unless除非,如果不
Iwon’tgounlessitisfinetomorrow.(15)until直到…
Hedidn’tleaveuntileleven.(瞬间动词用于not…until结构)Hestayedthereuntileleven.
(16)while当…时候,而(表示对比)
WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine.(while后不可用瞬间动词)Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.(17)for因为
Hewasill,forhedidn’tcome.(结论是推断出来的)(18)since自从…
Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft.(19)hardly…when一…就
Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.(20)asfaras就…来说
AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisverysmall.
Youmaywalkasfarasthelake.(一直走到湖那里)II.例题
例1Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David.AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas解析:该题意为:John踢足球如果不比David好的话,那也踢得和David一样好。和…一样好为aswellas.故该题正确答案为B。
例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.
AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile
解析:该处意为"然而",只有while有此意思,故选D。
例3Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise
解析:该处意为"或者",正确答案为C。
中考英语语法难点大全之四:动词时态和语态(四)动词时态、语态I.要点
1、一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态,常与sometimes,always,often,everyday等时间状语连用。如:Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool.
(2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。如:Theearthgoesroundthesun.2、现在进行时
(1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作,常与now,atpresent等时间状语连用。如:Whatareyoudoingnow?
(2)和always,continually等连用,表一种经常反复的动作,常含有某种情感。如:Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.3、现在完成时
主要表示动作发生在过去,对现在仍有影响,或动作一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去,常与just,already,sofar,once,never等词连用。如:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?4、一般将来时
表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow,nextyear等连用。如:I’llmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.We’regoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.5、一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,lastyear,in1998,amomentago等词连用。如:Ithappenedmanyyearsago.6、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如:Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?7、过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如:Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.8、一般过去将来时
表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如:Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidn’t.
9、被动语态被动语态的时态,以give为例。时/式一般进行完成
现在amisgivenareamisbeingarehasbeengivenhave过去wasgivenwerewasbeinggivenwerehadbeengiven将来shallbegivenwillshallhavebeengivenwill
过去将来shouldbegivenwouldshouldhavebeengivenwouldII.例题
例1Ilearnedthatherfather____in1950.AhaddiedBdiedCdeadDisdead
解析:该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in1950,所以不用过去完成时态,而用一般过去时态。例2Thefive-year-oldgirl____byherparents.AislookedBhaslookedfor
CisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked
解析:该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中,介词不能省,否则就变成了不及物动词短语,而不能用于被动语态的句子中。
中考英语语法难点大全之五:动词虚拟语气(五)动词虚拟语气I.要点
表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。1、虚拟语气的构成
注:如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had,should,could有时可将if省去,但要倒装。如:
Hadyou(Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是"should(可省)+动词原形",常用于以下三种句型中。
句型一:Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that…句型二:Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that…
句型三:Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that…如:Itisstrangethathe(should)havedonethat.Itisapitythathe(should)besocareless.Itisrequestedthatwe(should)besocareless.
(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等动词后的宾语从句中,表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:
Isuggestthatwe(should)goswimming.
(3)在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句中的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.
(4)在同位语从句中,谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:Wereceivedorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.
(5)在Itistimethat…句型中,其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或
"should+动词原形",should不可省。如:It’stime(that)wewent(shouldgo)toschool.II.例题
例1Wehadhopedthathe____longer.
AstaysBhavestayedCstayedDwouldstay
解析:该题正确答案为D。hadhoped表示"本希望",同样用法的动词还有think,expect等,后面的句子需用虚拟语气
例2"Marywantstoseeyoutoday".
"Iwouldrathershe____tomorrowthantoday."AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcome
解析:该题正确答案为B。wouldrather后面的从句需用虚拟语气,用动词过去时表示。例3Hadshebeenolder,she____itbetter.
AhaddoneBmighthavedoneCmightdoDwoulddo
解析:Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenold.故该题正确答案为B。
(六)短语动词I.要点
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,其用法有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种:(1)动词+介词
常见的有lookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,hearof(from),addto,leadto等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:Don’tlaughatothers.Ididn’tcareaboutit.(2)动词+副词
常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,pointout等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin.(3)动词+副词+介词
常见的有lookdownupon,goonwith,breakawayfrom,addupto,catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$100.
Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.(4)动词+名词+介词
常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.(5)动词+形容词
常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:
Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.(6)动词+名词
常见的有takeplace,makefriends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.(7)辨析
giveaway(让给,暴露)和giveup(放弃,停止)putaway(放起,收起)和putout(扑灭)turnup(出席,放大)和turnon(打开)keepout(阻止)和keepoff(不让靠近)makeup(编造,补上)和makeout(辨认)takeoff(脱,起飞)和takeout(拿出)II.例题
例1Itiswisetohavesomemoney____foroldage.AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup
解析:该题正确答案为A。意为"存";keepup意为"继续";giveaway意为"分发";layup"贮藏"。例2Here’smycard.Let’skeepin____.AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship
解析:该题正确答案为A.keepintouch为短语动词,意为"保持联系"。例3____!There’satraincoming.
ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon解析:该题选A.lookout意为"小心"。
中考英语语法难点大全之七:动词不定式(七)动词不定式I.要点
1、不定式的形式。以动词write为例。式|语态主动语态被动语态一般式towritetobewritten
完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten进行式tobewriting
完成进行式tohavebeenwriting2、不定式的句法功能(1)作主语
Tohearfromyouisnice.
Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.
不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词后。如:It’snicetohearfromyou.It’snoteasytobeagoodteacher.(2)作宾语
通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等词后。如:Iforgottolockthedoor.Pleaseremembertowritetome.(3)作表语
Myjobistopickupletters.
Heseemedtohaveheardnothing.(4)作定语
不定式作定语时,须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如:Ihavetwoletterstowrite.Ihavealotofworktodo.(5)作宾补
通常用于want,wish,ask,order,tell,know,help,advise,allow,cause,force等词后。如:Heorderedhertoleaveatonce.Hewasforcedtoobeyhisorder.(6)作状语
Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.
Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents.(7)作独立成分
Totellyouthetruth,Itoldalie.(8)"疑问词+不定式"结构。如:Idon’tknowhowtochoosethem.Icannotdecidewheretogo.(9)不定式的否定式。如:Idecidednottogo.
(10)不定式的完成式。如:
HeseemedtohavecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein.Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttothehospitallastweek.(11)too…to结构。如:
Hewastooexcitedtogotosleep.
Hewasonlytoogladtogo.(他太高兴了,乐意去)(12)主动表被动。如:Thebookiseasytoread.Ihaveabooktoread.II.例题
例1Ihaven’tgotachair____.
AtositBfortositonCtositonDforsitting
解析:该题选C。不定式tositon在句中作定语,修饰名词chair.因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系",所以不定式必须是及物动词,故此处on不能省略。例2Hewasmade____.AgoBgoneCgoingDtogo
解析:该题选D。makesb.dosth.如果是被动形式,不定式do前的to不能省略。例3Anewfactoryis____verysoon.AtobebuiltBbuilt
CtobuildDtobuilding
解析:该题选A。istobebuilt意为"将要被建"。
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