神经内科出科考核(英文)
住院医师出科试题(神经内科)
姓名:时间:
一、英译中(70分):
StrokeisthethirdmostcommoncauseofdeathintheUnitedstatesandthemostcommondisablingneurologicdisorder.About750,000newstrokesoccurandabout150,000peoplediefromstrokeintheUnitedstateseachyear.Theincidenceincreaseswithage,withabouttwo-thirdsofallstrokesoccuringinthoseoverage65years,andissomewhathigherinmenthaninwomenandinAfrican-Amerricansthaninwhites.Riskfactorsforstrokeincludesystolicordiastolichypertension,hypercholesterolemia,cigarettesmoking,heavyalcoholconsumption,andoralcontraceptiveuse.Theincidenceofstrokehasdecreasedinrecentdecades,largelybecauseofimprovedtreatmentofhypertension.
Strokeisasyndromecharacterizedbytheacuteonsetofaneurologicdeficitthatpersistsforatleast24hours,reflectsfocalinvolvementofthecentralnervoussystem,andistheresultofadisturbanceofthecerebralcirculation.Theacuteonsetandsubsequentdurationofsymptomsaredocumentedbythehistory.Thesiteofcentralnervoussysteminvolvementissuggestedbythenatureofthesymptoms.Itisdelineatedmorepreciselybytheneurologicexaminationandconfirmedbyimagingstudies[computedtomography(CT)scansormagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)].Avascularetiologymaybeinferredformtheacuteonsetofsymptomsandoftenfromthepatient’sage,thepresenceofriskfactorsforstroke,andtheoccurrenceofsymptomsandsignsreferabletotheterritoryofaparticularcerebralbloodvessel.Whenthisisconfirmedbyimagingstudies,furtherinvestigationscanbeundertakentoidentifyaspecificcause.
Resttremorusuallyhasafrequencyof4-6Hzandischaracteristicofparkinsonismwhetherthedisorderisidiopathicorsecondary(ie.postencephalitic,toxic,ordrug-inducedinorigin).Therateofthetremor,itsrelationshiptoactivity,andthepresenceofrigidityorhypokinesiausuallydistinguishthetremorofparkinsonismfromotherformsoftremor.Tremorinthehandsmayappearasa“pill-rolling”maneuverthythmic,opposingcircularmovementsofthethumbandindexfinger.Theremaybealternatingflexionandextensionofthefingersorhand,oralternatingpronationandsupinationoftheforearm;inthefeet,rhythmicalternatingflexionandextensionarecommon.二、中译英(30分)
纯运动性轻偏瘫面部、上肢和下肢受累程度相同,但无感觉、视觉或言语障碍。如果示腔梗所致,病变常位于对侧内囊或桥脑。纯运动性轻偏瘫也可由颈内动脉或大脑中动脉闭塞、硬膜下血肿或颅内占位性病变引起。
扩展阅读:神经内科出科考核(中文)
住院医师出科试题(神经内科)
姓名:时间:
一、名词解释(每题5分,共25分)
1、阿罗瞳孔;2、三偏综合征;3、真性球麻痹;
4、短暂性全面性遗忘;5、癫痫持续状态;二、简答题(共25分)
1、简述上运动神经元损害特点;2、晕厥与癫痫发作的鉴别要点;
3、重症肌无力的分型(Osserman分型)。三、病例分析(每题25分,共50分)
1、男,60岁,因右侧肢体无力1小时入急诊室,一小时前看电视时突然倒地,右侧肢体无力,意识清楚,不能言语,常用左手触摸左侧头部,立即被送来急诊室。查体:血压210/90mmHg,意识清楚,运动性失语,右侧上级性面瘫,伸舌偏右,右上、下肢肌力3级,右侧腱反射活跃,右侧Babinski征(+),右半身痛觉减退,余神经系统检查不能合作。请讨论定位及定性诊断,并提出进一步检查及治疗方案。
2、50岁,男,下班骑自行车20分钟回家,即感头痛,继而呕吐,伴右侧上、下肢不能活动,立即送来急诊。查体:BP23/18Kpa,P20次/分,神志恍惚,眼底动脉变细,双瞳等大约3mm,光反射正常,右侧面部及右侧偏身感觉减退,右侧鼻唇沟变浅,伸舌偏右,右侧上、下肢肌张力增高,肌力I-II度,腱反射活跃,右侧Babinski征(+),右侧Chaddock征(+),左侧正常。请讨论定位定性诊断及进一步检查和治疗方案。
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