翻译实习报告

翻译实习报告

翻译实习报告

为了把我们近一年所学的基本的英汉互译知识和方法全面地结合起来，院里给我们安排了翻译实习，使我们能相对忠实、准确、流畅地将各种文体进行英汉互译，以此提高自身翻译各种文本的实际能力。同时，通过翻译实习,养我们成为一名翻译工作者所应具备的优秀品质:诚实笃信,认真负责,严格遵守翻译从业人员必备的各种职业规则以及严谨细致的作风,吃苦耐劳的精神,团结合作的风尚等。

我们的指导老师给了我们12份英文材料，每份约201*字。我们实习的任务是完成所有材料的翻译。根据学院及指导老师的要求，我计划将所有材料在三周内翻译完成，每周平均翻译四分材料。

为了配合院里的工作，更为了通过实践，总结自己的不足，以便在今后的语言实践中自己翻译水平和能力能够得到相应的提高和发展，我在完成计划工作后，我开始了我的翻译实习工作。

在进行翻译实习的过程中，我充分调动了我大脑中的知识及老师教给我们的基本翻译技巧，例如：“英译汉时，有时某些词并不能完全按照词典的基本含义翻译，如生搬硬套或逐词死译，会使译文生硬，令人费解，甚至可能造成误解。这时应当根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的基本含义出发，进一步加以适当的引申，选择比较适当的汉语词语来表达”以及增词法、省略法(减词法)、重复法、正反,反正表达法、分句法,合句法、词义的引伸、词类的转译等英译汉常用的方法和技巧。尽管如此，我在实际翻译时候还是碰到了很多问题。

首先，词汇量的不充足使我在翻译的过程中经常遇到阻碍，我不得不借助电脑，词典等工具查找出我所不能准确描述的关键词句。其次，是常用句型的缺乏也使得我在翻译过程中举步维艰。再次，就是对一些专有词汇的不熟悉还有一些国外历史文化背景等方面知识的匮乏也使得我的翻译工作进展的不太顺利。这时，我会借助网络的帮助，在网上查询在词典中查不到的专有名词、新词，以及相关背景知。最后，语文功底的薄弱和常识性知识的缺乏也是阻碍我翻译工作的一大难题。例如，在第一份翻译材料中有个句子是“TheUnitedStateseconomyhastheworld"slargestgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)”，在这个句子中，我不知道是把“TheUnitedStateseconomy”翻译为“美国经济”还是“美国经济体”好，并且我总觉得两种翻译都很怪。如果把“TheUnitedStateseconomy”翻译为“美国经济”，那么整句话的翻译就是：“美国经济拥有世界上最大的国内生产总值(GDP)”。

但是“国内生产总值”只能是一个国家的啊，不能说经济拥有多少国内生产总值吧。但是，

如果把“TheUnitedStateseconomy”翻译为“美国经济”体，那么整句话的翻译就是：“美国经济体拥有世界上最大的国内生产总值(GDP)”。这样又成为经济体有多少

国内上产总值的。于是，我又想：可不可以把“economy”直接省略不翻呢？就翻译为“美国拥有世界上最大的国内生产总值(GDP)”，但是我又不敢妄下结论。总之，我真的是在经

过艰苦的“奋战”后才最终完成了本次的翻译实习任务。

通过这次的翻译实习，我更加清楚的认识到自己英语相关方面的知识还远远不足，也让我更加清醒的认识到，丰富自己的词汇量及语境英语句型的重要性，更让我懂得“理论联系实际”的真理没有理论知识肯定不行，但是光有理论知识而不通过实践来巩固旧知识和获得新知识更不行。任何事情和工作都不是夸夸其谈就能完成的和做好的。此外，我也变得更能忍耐和坚持。在实习的过程中，由于翻译工作过于枯燥以及在翻译中遇到各种困难而使翻译过程的缓慢，我曾多次想放弃，想随便敷衍了事。但是我从小养成的强烈责任感和拥有的良好道德观敦促我忍受枯燥乏味和冲破各种阻碍把我的任务完成。最后，我也深刻的体会到时间的紧迫性。我的大学生活即将结束，这意味着我已经没有多少在学校学习的时间了（因为我不考研将）。我真的意识到我在过去的三年中浪费了多少本可以用来学习充电的大好时光。我知道不管是否来得及，我都要充分这最后的半年（我觉得最多只有半年学习时间了）好好学习。不论我能否弥补我在这次实习中所反映出得不足，或是能不能获得更多的知识和技能，我都要抓紧时间充充电。

总之，在这次的翻译实习让我感触颇深也收获很大。我感受到了“没有付出就没有收获”的真理；我感受到了做人要做个有心人，时时留意身边的大事小事，并随时积累知识（哪怕是一个字，一个词）的重要性；我还感受到必须“学以致用”而不能只是“纸上谈兵”。同时，我收获了新的字、新的词、新的短语和新的句子；我收获了新的知识；我更收获了获得新知识时的巨大快乐以及完成任务时的无比欣慰。

扩展阅读：英语翻译实习报告

西安建筑科技大学文学院英文系笔译实习报告

笔译实习材料及译文Day1Part1ProfessorLeeSingKong,Director,NIE,Faculty,staff,distinguishedguests,Andmyfellowgraduands,Averygoodafternoontoall!Itismygreatpleasureandprivilegetogivethevaledictoryspeechonbehalfofmydearestclassmates!Itseemsthateveryoneistiredofthegenericvaledictoryspeechanditisnoteasytocomeupwithanentertainingandmemorableone.IsearchedinternetforsomevideosandIfoundthattomaketheirspeechesmoreinteresting,peoplecrackjokes,quotehip-poplines,singasongwithaguitarorcomposearaplikeEminem.IamsorrythatIcantdothesethings.SoIborrowonetrickthatIhopewillworkforme.Now,ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseputupyourrighthand,atthecountofthree,touchtheshoulderofyourneighbor.One,two,three.NowIamsurethateveryonehasbeentouchedbymyspeech.IstillremembermyfirstdayinNIE.Itwasabeautifulday.WhenIwasstandingonthelushgreenlawn,Ifoundmyselfinamoodforvacationandrelaxation.Iwasimpressedbytheefficiencyinthearrangementofaseriesofevents,hearingNIEDirectorsspeech,meetingteachersandformerstudents,learninghowtouselibraryandotherfacilities.Iwasalsoexcitedaboutthecourseswhichwerecompletelynewtoaliteraturestudent.WhatIfoundmoststrikingwasthemultiethnicbackgroundanddiverseeducationalbackgroundofourteachers.TheycomefromChina(includingmainland,HongKongandTaiwan),Vietnam,Germany,Malaysia,theStates,AustraliaandSingapore.Theyalsoreceivedtheirdegreesfromprestigiousuniversitiesinvariouscountries.Theirpersonalexperiencesnotonlyshowcasediversityandmultiethnicharmony,twocoreideasvaluedinSingaporebutalsoenlightenusfromamyriadofperspectives.HereIjustwanttomentionhowdiversityandharmonycanbeintegratedinourreal-lifeteachingandresearching.First,weneedtoappreciatediversityandconstructharmonyinourteaching.weshouldbeawareofthediversityinourteachingconditionswithdifferenttangiblefacilities,classsizes,lengthsofcourses,andareaswithvariedsocio-economicsituations.Ourstudentsarediversetoo.Theydifferintheirmotivations,proficiencylevels,personalitiesandthelike.Theyhavealsokeptchanging.Forexample,studentsfromdevelopedareasmaylearnmoreefficientlyifweadoptnewtechnologies,likescreencasting,blogsandonlinefeedback,astheyaredigitalnativesthemselves.However,studentsfrompoorareasmaybenefitmorefromacombinationofmoreoldthannewtechnologiesaccordingtotheavailabilitiesofcomputersandinternetaccessintheirclassrooms.WhatwehavelearnedinNIEisamultitudeoftheoriesandmethods.Theefficiencyandusefulnessofthemdependsonhowandwhenweapplythem.Inourrealteaching,weshouldaimataharmoniousintegrationofthesetheoriesandmethodswithallsituationalvariablestakenintoaccount.Second,diversityandharmonyarealsovaluedinourresearching.Oneperfectexampleisinourresearchmethodsclass.Dr.HuGuangweiandDr.ShihChih-Min,ofdifferentpersonalitiesandteachingstyles,worktowardsourbetterunderstandingofbothquantitativeandqualitativestudiesandtheirassignmentscanbeintegratedintoonethroughtriangulation.英语原文

Personally,Ibelieve,theultimategoalofacademicresearchistoaccommodatedifferencesandcontributetoabetterunderstandingoftheworldthatwelivein.HereIwanttostressoneparticularthingthatIlearntfromDr.Hu.HeaskedmetwiceinhisfeedbacktomyliteraturereviewWhatisyourtakeonthis?Youneedtoletyourreadershearyourvoice.Afterthefirstterm,IrealizedhowlittleIknewaboutacademicresearchandwritingconventionsforacademicpapers.HereIlearnedhowtoquoteandhowtohedge.However,Iprobablywenttoanotherextreme.IwassocarefulabouteverystatementImadethatIlostmyownvoiceinmyquotes.Dr.HuhasinspiredmetoseekmyownvoiceandDr.DahlsandDr.Chandrascourseshaveequippedmewithwaysofmakingmyselfheard.SteveJobs,theApplefounderoncesaid,Dontbetrappedbydogmawhichislivingwiththeresultsofotherpeoplesthinking.Dontletthenoiseofothersopinionsdrownoutyourowninnervoice.Andmostimportantly,havethecouragetofollowyourheartandintuition.Theysomehowalreadyknowwhatyoutrulywanttobecome.Thisisalsomywishformyfellowclassmates.Bothinourlivesandinacademicresearch,ourvoiceandouruniquecontributionisofforemostimportance.Ihopeallofuscanbemoredaringandinnovativeintryingnewmethodsandstandingupforwhatwebelievein.Onbehalfofmyclassmates,IwouldliketotakeamomenttothankMOEforcoveringallofourbills,NIEadministrationforhavingdonetheirbesttohelpussettledownandELLdepartmentforofferingusmostusefulcourses.NoneofuswillbeheretodayifnotforourNIEprofessorsandlecturers.Theseextraordinarypeoplehaveinfluencedusincountlessways.Theyhonedourcriticalthinkingandanalyticalskills,theyinstilledteamspiritinusthroughgrouppresentations,theyenlightenedustodevelopourpotentialtothefullestandtheydevotedthemselvestobothoureducationalandspiritualneeds.Mostimportantly,theyhavesetthemselvesasperfectexamplesforthekindofteacherweallwishtobe.AspecialthanksgoestoDr.RamonaTang,whoisaGod-sentangelforusandwillalwaysbeoursister.Wealsothankourparentsandfamilies,thoughmostofthemareabsenttoday,fortheirunconditionalloveandsupport.Withoutallofyou,wewouldnthavegonesofar.Congratulations,201*PGDELTclass.Wevefinallymadeit.Wevecompletedourstudieshere.However,ouracademicjourneydoesnotendhereinNIE.Inhisfinalclass,Dr.DavidCaldwelltoldusabouthisexperienceofobtainingaPh.D.degreeandincidentally,aweekago,Dr.ShihsentusaletterencouragingustoplanearlyforourPh.D.studies.Sothereisstillalongwaytogo.Ourgraduationtodayisjustastopoverratherthanourdestination.Itiswhereweembarkonanewjourney.Onethingweshouldneverforgetisthatnomatterwhatstruggleisawaitingus,wearenotfightingalonebecausewehavesomanyexcellentNIEteachersonourside.Mostimportantly,35PGDELTstudents,weareafamily.Thankyou!汉语译文

Day1Part2AnIntroductiontoChinatownOnthesurface,Chinatownisprosperous-a"modelslum,"somehavecalledit-withthelowestcrimerate,highestemploymentandleastjuveniledelinquencyofanycitydistrict.Walkthroughitscrowdedstreetsatanytimeofday,andeveryshopisdoingabriskandbusinessliketrade:restaurantafterrestaurantisbooming;therearestorefrontdisplaysofshinysquids,clawingcrabsandclamberinglobster;andstreetmarketsofferoverflowingpilesofexoticgreenvegetables,garlicandgingerroot.Chinatownhasthefeelofalandofplenty,andthereasonwhylieswiththeChinesethemselves:evenhere,intheverycoreofdowntownManhattan,theyhavebeencarefultopreservetheirownwayofdealingwiththings,preferringtokeepaffairsclosetothebondofthefamilyandallowingfewintrusionsintoastill-insularculture.TherehavebeenseveralconcessionstoWesterners-storefrontsignsnowofferEnglishtranslations,andHaagenDazsandBaskinRobbinsice-creamstoreshaveopenedonlowerMottStreet-buttheycan"thelpbutseemincongruous.TheonetimeoftheyearwhenChinatownburstsopenisduringtheChineseNewYearfestival,heldeachyearonthefirstfullmoonafterJanuary19,whenagiantdragonrunsdownMottStreettotheaccompanimentoffirecrackers,andtheguttersrunwithceremonialdyes.Beneaththeneighborhood"sblithelyprosperousfacade,however,thereisadarkerunderbelly.Sharppracticescontinuetoflourish,withtraditionalextortionandprotectionracketsstillinbusiness.Non-unionsweatshops-theirassemblylinesgrindingfromearlymorningtolateintotheevening-arestillvisitedbytheUSDepartmentofLabor,whocometoinvestigateworkers"testimoniesofbeingpaidbelowminimumwageforseventy-plus-hourworkweeks.LivingconditionsareabysmalforthepoorerChinese-mostlyrecentimmigrantsandtheelderly-whoresideinsmallroomsinovercrowdedtenementsill-keptbylandlords.Yet,becausethecommunityhasbeencloisteredforsolongandhasonlyjustbeguntoseekhelpfromcityofficialsforitsinternalproblems,youwon"tdetectanyhintofdifficultiesunlessyouresideinChinatownforaconsiderablelengthoftime.汉语译文英语原文当天翻译过程分析或体会Day2100字以内！

MEMORANDUMOFUNDERSTANDING(“MOU”)RE:PURCHASEOFNORWEGIANPAVILIONATTHESHANGHAIEXPOSITETheSeller:InnovationNorwayc/oNorwayatEXPO201*TheBuyer:Xi’anUniversityofArchitectureandTechnology(TheSellerandtheBuyerarehereinafterjointlyreferredtoasthe“Parties”)WHEREAS:1.InnovationNorwayc/oNorwayatEXPO201*(hereafterreferredtoasthe“Seller”)constructedtheNorwegianPavilionlocatedinC-10SectionintheShanghaiEXPOsite(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“Pavilion”)fortheWorldExpoShanghai201*(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“EXPO”);2.TheSellerhastheexclusivetitleoverthePavilion.TheSellerdoes,however,nothaveanyownershiptotheplotatwhichthePavilionissituated.AccordingtotherelevantagreementsthattheSellerenteredintowiththeShanghaiExpoauthority(hereafterreferredtoasthe“ExpoAuthority”),theSellerisobligatedtoremovethePavilionandcleartheplotafterclosureoftheEXPOinOctober201*;3.TheBuyeriswillingtopurchasetheentirePavilionfromtheSeller,andtheSelleriswillingtoselltheentirePaviliontotheBuyeronan“as-is”basis;4.Theterm“Pavilion”inthisMOUdoesnotincludeinstalledequipment.ShouldthePartiesagreetoafinalSaleandPurchaseContract(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“FinalContract”),theequipmentnotincludedinthesaleofthePavilionshallbeexplicitlylistedinthesaidFinalContract;NOWTHEREFORE,uponamicablediscussionsandbasedonmutualunderstanding,theSellerandtheBuyerhavepreliminarilyreachedthefollowingachievementandagreement,asframeworkforpurchaseandsalesofthePavilionbetweentheParties:1.PRICEANDPAYMENTTERMS1.1ThePurchasePricepayablebytheBuyerasconsiderationforthePavilionshallbeRMB___________,incapitalRenminbi____________(the“PurchasePrice”).BothPartiesunderstandthatthePurchasePriceisthenetamounttowhichtheSellerisentitled,i.a.anytaxesorfeesarisingfromthetransactionhereincontainedshallbeallbornebytheBuyer.1.2TheBuyershallpaytotheSellerthePurchasePriceinlump-sumwithin_____daysafterexecutionoftheFinalContract.1.3Fortheavoidanceofalldoubt,thePurchasePriceshallbetheconsiderationmerelyforthePavilionitself.Allworksrelatingtooroccurredfromthedismantlement,removal,transportationandreinstallationofthePaviliontotheBuyerssiteshallallbeaccountabletotheBuyersresponsibility.UpontheBuyersrequest,theSellermay,butshallnotbeobligatedto,providenecessaryandreasonableassistanceincommunicatingwiththeExpoAuthorityfortheBuyersdismantlementandtransportingofthePavilionoutoftheShanghaiExpoPark.2.DELIVERY2.1ThePavilionshallbedeliveredfromtheSellertotheBuyeron____________3

英语原文

(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“DeliveryDate”),whichcanbeadjustedinthesolediscretionoftheSellerinconsiderationofanyfactualchangesduringtheExpo,oranynewdecisionmadebytheExpoAuthorityandtheSeller.TheSellershallnotassumeanyliabilityforsuchearlyordelayeddelivery.2.2TheSellershallhandoverthePaviliononan“asis”basis.Therefore,theSellerisnotboundtoanyguaranteeand/orliabilityintermsofthequalityoranyspecialfunctioncontainedinthePavilionoranyofitsparts.2.3ThetitleandriskofthePavilionshallbedulytransferredfromtheSellertotheBuyerupontheDeliveryDate,butbeforetheBuyercommencesdismantlingofthePavilion.2.4Anylossesand/ordamagestowardsanythirdpartyincurredduringdismantling,removal,transportation,reinstallationoroperationofthePavilionaftertheDeliveryDate,shallbetransferredfromtheSellerto-,andshallbefullyborneby,theBuyer.TheBuyershallindemnifyandholdtheSellerharmlessfromsuchlossesordamagesarisingfromanyclaimand/oractioninitiatedbyanythirdpartyasconsequenceofthis.3.DISMENTLEMENT3.1TheBuyermayenterintoadirectcontractwithacontractorforthedismantlingandremovalofthePavilion.TheSellerhasnoresponsibilitiesandplaysnoroleinthisdirectcontractbetweentheBuyeranditscontractor.3.2AllobligationsandliabilitiesforwhichtheSellerisobligatedtowardstheExpoAuthorityintermsofthedismantlingandremovalofthePavilionandclearing-outtheplotbefore30April201*shallbetransferredfromtheSellerto-,andfullyborneby,theBuyer.TheBuyershallcarryoutthedismantlingandremovalworksandclear-outtheplotinaccordancewiththeSellersobligationstowardstheEXPOAuthority.TheSellerssuchobligationsshallbefullyelaboratedonintheFinalContract.Furthermore,theBuyershallindemnifytheSellerandholdtheSellerharmlessforanylossordamagethatmaybecausedtotheSellerbytheExpoAuthorityoranyotherpartyforanyclaimand/oractioninitiatedasaconsequenceoforrelatedtotheBuyersobligationsunderthisMOU.4.INTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS4.1UponDeliveryDate,theBuyershallbeentitledtoreceivefromtheSellerallrelevantdrawingsanddocumentationrelatedtothePavilionthatisnecessaryfordismantlement,reinstallation,operationandmaintenanceofthePavilion,providedthatsuchdrawingsanddocumentationhavealsobeenhandedtotheSellerfromitscontractor(s),andprovidedthattheSellerisentitledtohandoversuchdocumentationanddrawingswithoutbreachinganythirdpartyrightstowardstheSeller.TheBuyerdoes,however,herebyacknowledgethatpurchasingofthePaviliononlygrantstheBuyerownershiptothephysicalPavilionitselfandtherightthereofshallthusnotincludetheintellectualpropertyrightscontainedinthePavilion,ifany.TheSellershallalwaysowntheexclusiveintellectualrightsoverthePavilion,includingbutnotlimitedtoanycopyright,patent,design,know-howetc.If,attheBuyersrequest,theSelleragreestoprovideanytechnicalsupporttotheBuyerduringthedismantlingandreinstallmentofthePavilion,suchinformationisconsidered“ConfidentialInformation”andremainsexclusiverightsoftheSeller.TheBuyershallnotdiscloseanysuchConfidentialInformationtoanythirdpartyorutilizetheinformationforanypurposeotherthanthedismantling,reinstallationandutilizationofthePavilion.

5.MISCELLANOUS5.1TheBuyerisawarethatakeyconcernfortheSelleristominimizecostsspentattheEXPO.DespitetheSellersenteringintoofthisMOU,Norwaythereforereservesitsrightstoreceiveoffers/bidsfromotherpotentialbuyersupuntilthesigningofafinalSaleandPurchaseContractbetweentheSellerandtheBuyer.TheBuyershallbeinformedandhavetherighttocounter-offersuchbidsbeforetheSellerentersintoanyagreementwithanotherbuyer.5.2ThevalidityandeffectivenessofthisMOUissubjecttoapprovalbybothPartiesboardofdirectors.WhetherthisMOUiscarriedoutandwhetherthePavilionisactuallytransferredfromtheSellertotheBuyerisfurtherfullysubjecttoagreementbetweenthePartiesonthedetailedtermsoftheFinalContract.ShouldsuchagreementnotbeachievedinaFinalContract,thePartiesshallcarrynoresponsibilityorliabilitytowardseachother.5.3TheBuyeracknowledgesthatitisofvitalimportancefortheSellerandNorwayhowthePavilionisperceivedamongitsvisitorsalsoaftertheclosureoftheEXPO.TheBuyeristhereforeobligatedtoutilizethePavilionsolelyforoffice-,meeting-and/orexhibitionpurposes.TheBuyerisfurtherobligatedtodiligentlymaintainthePavilionandkeepitinfirst-class,Norwegianqualitycondition.ShouldtheBuyerfailtoperformitsobligationsunderthisSub-Clause5.3,andshouldthisbreachnotberectifiedone(1)monthafterreceivingwrittennotificationfromtheSeller,theSellershallupuntilfive(5)yearsafterDeliveryDatebeentitledtoterminatethisMOUandtheFinalContractandclaimrestitutionofallperformedobligationsunderthisMOUandtheFinalContract.Incaseofsuchbreach,theBuyershallalsobeliableforanylosscausedtotheSellerasaconsequenceofthebreach.5.4ThisMOUandtheFinalContractshallbegovernedbyandinterpretedinaccordancewithNorwegianLaw,includingNorwegianrulesconcerningconflictoflaws.5.5InalldisputesarisingfromorrelatedtothisMOUandtheFinalContract,thePartiesshallfirstseektoresolvethedisputeamicably.Ifthedisputecannotbesettledamicably,thedisputeshallbefinallydecidedbyarbitrationaccordingtotheNorwegianArbitrationActof14May201*no.25.TheplaceforthearbitrationshallbeOsloandthelanguageforalldocumentationandproceedingsrelatedtothearbitrationshallbeEnglish.Thedispute,thearbitrationproceedingsandthearbitralawardshallbeconfidential.6.SIGNATURESForandonbehalfofInnovationNorwayc/oNorwayatEXPO201*Name:Position:Date:ForandonbehalfofName:Position:PresidentofXianUniversityofArchitectureandTechnology

Date:3rd.Sep,201*汉语译文当天翻译过程分析或体会100字以内！Day3TheSilenceoftheLambs(1991)Afundamentaldifferencebetween"TheSilenceoftheLambs"anditssequel,"Hannibal,"isthattheformerisfrightening,involvinganddisturbing,whilethelatterismerelydisturbing.Itiseasyenoughtoconstructageekshowifyoustartwithacannibal.Thesecretof"Silence"isthatitdoesn"tstartwiththecannibal--itarrivesathim,throughtheeyesandmindsofayoungwoman."SilenceoftheLambs"isthestoryofClariceStarling,theFBItraineeplayedbyJodieFoster,andthestoryfollowsherwithoutsubstantialinterruption.Dr.HannibalLecterlurksattheheartofthestory,amalevolentbutsomehowlikablepresence--likablebecausehelikesClarice,andhelpsher.ButLecter,asplayedbyAnthonyHopkins,isthesideshow,andClariceisinthecenterring.ThepopularityofJonathanDemme"smovieislikelytolastaslongasthereisamarketforbeingscared.Like"Nosferatu,""Psycho"and"Halloween,"itillustratesthatthebestthrillersdon"tage.Fearisauniversalemotionandatimelessone.But"SilenceoftheLambs"isnotmerelyathrillshow.Itisalsoabouttwoofthemostmemorablecharactersinmoviehistory,ClariceStarlingandHannibalLecter,andtheirstrange,strainedrelationship("peoplewillsaywe"reinlove,"Lectercackles).Theysharesomuch.Bothareostracizedbytheworldstheywanttoinhabit--Lecter,bythehumanracebecauseheisaserialkillerandacannibal,andClarice,bythelawenforcementprofessionbecausesheisawoman.Bothfeelpowerless--Lecterbecauseheislockedinamaximumsecurityprison(andboundandgaggedlikeKingKongwhenheismoved),andClaricebecausesheissurroundedbymenwhotoweroverherandfondleherwiththeireyes.Bothusetheirpowersofpersuasiontoescapefromtheirtraps--Lecterisabletoridhimselfofthepestinthenextcellbytalkinghimintochokingonhisowntongue,andClariceisabletopersuadeLectertoaidherinthesearchfortheserialkillernamedBuffaloBill.Andbothsharesimilarchildhoodwounds.LecteristouchedwhenhelearnsthatClaricelostbothherparentsatanearlyage,wasshippedofftorelatives,wasessentiallyanunlovedorphan.AndLecterhimselfwasavictimofchildabuse(ontheDVDcommentarytrack,6

英语原文

Demmesaysheregretsnotunderliningthismore).Theseparallelthemesaremirroredbypatternsinthevisualstrategy.NotethatbothLecterinhisprisoncellandBuffaloBillinhisbasementarearrivedatbyStarlingafterdescendingseveralflightsofstairsandpassingthroughseveraldoors;theyliveinunderworlds.NotethewaythemoviealwaysseemstobelookingatClarice:Thepoint-of-viewcameratakestheplaceofthescrutinizingmeninherlife,andwhensheentersdangerousspaces,itistherewaitingforherinsteadoffollowingherin.Notetheconsistentuseofred,whiteandblue:notonlyintheFBIscenes,butalsointheflagdrapedoverthecarinthestorageshed,otherflagsinBill"slairandeventhegraduationcakeattheend(wheretheU.S.eagleinthefrostingisaghastlyreminderofthewayLecterpinnedasecurityguardspread-eagledtothewallsofhiscage).Themovie"ssoundtrackalsocarriesthemesallthewaythrough.Thereareexhalationsandsighsatmanypoints,aswhenthecocoonofthegypsymothistakenfromthethroatofBill"sfirstvictim.Muchheavybreathing.Therearesubterraneanrumblingsandfarawaycriesandlaments,almosttoolowtobeheard,atcriticalpoints.Thereisthesoundofaheartmonitor.HowardShore"smournfulmusicsetsafunerealtone.Whenthesoundtrackwantstocreateterror,aswhenClariceisinBill"sbasement,itmixesherfrightenedpantingwiththesoundofBill"sheavybreathingandthescreamsofthecaptivegirl--andthenaddsthedog"sfrenziedbarking,whichpsychologicallyworksatadeeperlevelthaneverythingelse.Thenitaddsthosegreengogglessohecanseeherinthedark.JodieFosterandAnthonyHopkinswonOscarsforbestactressandactor(themoviealsowonforbestpicture,forDemme"sdirectionandTedTalley"sscreenplay,andwasnominatedforeditingandsound).ItisremarkablethattheAcademywouldremember,letalonesingleout,afilmreleased13monthsbeforetheOscarcast;itusuallyvotesforfilmsthatarestillintheaters,ornewonvideo.But"Silence"wassoclearlyoneofakindthatitcouldnotbeignored.Hopkins"performancehasmuchlessscreentimethanFoster"s,butmadeanindelibleimpressiononaudiences.His"entrance"isunforgettable.AfterClaricedescendsthosestairsandpassesthroughthosedoorsandgates(whichallsqueak),thecamerashowsherPOVasshefirstseesLecterinhiscell.Heisso...still.Standingerect,atrelaxedattention,inhisprisonjumpsuit,helookslikeawaxworkofhimself.Onhernextvisit,heiserect,andthenveryslightlyrecoils,andthenopenshismouth,andIatleastwasmadetothinkofacobra.HisapproachtoLecter"spersonality(Hopkinssaysonhiscommentarytrack)wasinspiredbyHAL9000in"201*":Heisadispassionate,brilliantmachine,superbatlogic,deficientinemotions.Foster"sClariceisnotonlyanorphanbutadisadvantagedbackwoodsgirlwhohasworkedhardtogetwheresheis,andhaslessself-confidencethanshepretends.NoticingthenailpolishononeofBills"victims,sheguessesthatthegirlisfrom"town,"awordusedonlybysomeonewhoisnot.Herbravestmomentmaycomewhensheordersthegawkingsheriff"sdeputiesoutoftheroomatthefuneralhome("Listenherenow!").Onekeytothefilm"sappealisthataudienceslikeHannibalLecter.That"spartlybecausehelikesStarling,andwesensehewouldnothurther.It"salsobecauseheishelpinghersearchforBuffaloBill,andsavetheimprisonedgirl.ButitmayalsobebecauseHopkins,inastill,slyway,bringssuchwitandstyletothecharacter.Hemaybeacannibal,butasadinnerpartyguesthewouldgivevalueformoney(ifhedidn"teatyou).Hedoesnotbore,he

likestoamuse,hehashisstandards,andheisthesmartestpersoninthemovie.Hebearscomparison,indeed,withsuchothermoviemonstersasNosferatu,Frankenstein(especiallyin"BrideofFrankenstein"),KingKongandNormanBates.Theyhavetwothingsincommon:Theybehaveaccordingtotheirnatures,andtheyaremisunderstood.Nothingthatthesemonstersdois"evil"inanyconventionalmoralsense,becausetheylackanymoralsense.Theyarehard-wiredtodowhattheydo.Theyhavenochoice.Intheareaswheretheydohavechoice,theytrytodotherightthing(Nosferatuistheexceptioninthatheneverhasachoice).KongwantstorescueFayWray,NormanBateswantstomakepleasantchit-chatanddohismother"sbidding,andDr.LecterhelpsClaricebecauseshedoesnotinsulthisintelligence,andshearouseshisaffection.Allofthesequalitiesmightnotbeenoughtoassurethelongevityof"Silence"ifitwerenotalsotrulyfrightening("Hannibal"isnotfrightening,andforallofitsbox-officesuccessitwillhavealimitedshelflife)."Silence"isfrighteningfirstinthebuildupandintroductionofHannibalLecter.Secondinthediscoveryandextractionofthecocooninthethroat.Thirdinthescenewherethecopsawaitthearrivaloftheelevatorfromtheupperfloors.FourthintheintercuttingbetweentheexteriorsofthewronghouseinCalumetCityandtheinteriorsoftherightoneinBelvedere,Ohio.FifthintheextendedsequenceinsideBuffaloBill"shouse,whereTedLevinecreatesagenuinelyloathsomepsychopath(noticethetimingasStarlingsizeshimupandreadsthesituationbeforesheshouts"Freeze!").Wearefrightenedbothbecauseofthefilm"sclevermanipulationofstoryandimage,andforbetterreasons--welikeClarice,identifywithherandfearforher.JustlikeLecter.汉语译文当天翻译过程分析或体会100字以内！Day4Part1TheChineseGettheVote,ifOnlyfor"SuperGirl"ByJIMYARDLEYBEIJINGCHINA"Srunawaysummerhit,"SuperGirl,"endedlastweekendwithatelevisionviewershipthateclipsedthepopulationofNorthAmerica.Statenewsmediareportedthatmorethan400millionpeoplewatchedthefinaleoftheshow,an"AmericanIdol"knockoff,andsawafrizzy-hairedmusicstudentfromSichuanProvinceselectedasthewinner.8

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Butitwashowthatwinner,LiYuchun,wasselectedthathastransformed"SuperGirl"fromjustanotherevanescentofferingonChina"spopculturemenuintoapotentiallylastingpoliticalmarker.UnlikeChina"sleader,HuJintao,Ms.Liwaspopularlyelected.Fansvotedviatextmessage,andthethreefinalistsdrewmorethaneightmillionvotes,afigurethatwouldhavebeenfarhigherexceptthatpeoplehadtopaytovote.TheenormouspublicfascinationwiththeindependentlyproducedshowhasstimulatedanationwideonlinediscussiononissuesrangingfromdemocracytostandardsofbeautytowhetherMs.Liisalesbian.Inacountrywhereitisillegaltoorganizemanytypesofpublicmeetings,fansformedboosterclubsandcanvassedmallstocourtprospectivevoters.Therewereevenaccusationsofvoterfraud,asrabidfanscircumventedtherulelimitingeachpersonto15votes."It"slikeagiganticgamethathassweptsomanypeopleintoaeuphoriaofvoting,whichisatestamenttoasocietyopeningup,"asocialcommentator,ZhuDake,toldstatemedia.NooneissayingthatthefrenzysurroundingtheshowrepresentsathreattotherulingCommunistPartyorforeshadowstheemergenceofmeaningfulelectivepoliticsinChina.Butthedegreetowhichtheshowresonatedwithpeopleseemstohaveunsettledthegovernment"spropagandaleaders.Thereisalreadyspeculationitwillbecancelednextyear.Indeed,theshowissignificantnotsimplybecausepeoplewereallowedtovoteforthewinnerbutalsobecauseofthewinnertheyvotedfor.Ms.Li,21,isalmosttheantithesisoftheassembly-linebeautiesregularlyoffereduponthegovernment"sChinaCentralTelevision,orCCTV.Tallandgangly,withathatchoffrizzyhair,theadjectivesmostusedtodescribeherinthemediawere"boyish"or"androgynous."Somecommentatorsspeculatedthatherfanbaseconsistedofyounggirlswhoconsideredhertobetheir"boyfriend"becauseofherappearance."Ihavenosuchfeelings,"shetoldoneinterviewer."Thatistheirchoice.Iamanindependentperson."WangYao,24,agraduatestudentinBeijing,watchedthefinalswithagroupoffemalefriends.SheknewthegossipaboutMs.Libutwasmoreimpressedwithherconfidenceandstagepresence.ShealsothoughtMs.Liwouldneverhavebeenabletowinasimilarcontestonstatetelevisionbecauseofherunorthodoxappearanceandmanner."Thistimeitdependedtotallyontext-messagevoting,"Ms.Wangsaid."That"swhyIthinktheresultsaretotallydifferent."TheprogramwasproducedbyadaringsatellitetelevisionstationinHunanProvince,insouthernChina,andsponsoredbyadairycompany.Hence,thefulltitleoftheshow:"TheMongolianCowSourYogurtSuperGirlContest."Severalmonthsago,morethan120,000contestantsauditionedinfivedifferentcitiesinaweek-after-weekeliminationprocessthatgrewinpopularityasthefieldwaswhittleddown.UnlikemuchprogrammingthatcomesoutofBeijingorShanghai,"SuperGirl"featuredyoungwomenfromtheprovinces.Formanyfans,itwasthelackofpolishoftheperformers,andthelackofpredictabilityofthevotingresults,thatmadetheprogramaddictive.Ratingssteadilygrewuntilthefinalepisode,whichthestatemediasaiddrewmoreviewersthanthegovernment"sperennialblockbustervarietyshowatthebeginningofeachNewYearcelebration.Thepopularityoftheshowalsomadeitadiscussionpointforintellectuals,withopinion

dividedonwhetheritsignaledhowmuchcloserChinahadcometodemocracyormerelyreinforcedhowfarithadtogo.OthercommentatorsweremoreconcernedthattheprogramsignaledthefurthererosionoftraditionalChineseculture.Recently,perhapsjealousofthehighratings,perhapssimplycarryingoutordersfromabove,CCTVheldaforumthatcriticizedtheshowfordebasingChineseculture.Inasignthatperhapsproducerswantedtodeflectthepoliticalpressure,thefinalshowwastoneddownandincludedsometraditionalacts.Evenso,afterthefinale,thegovernment"sofficialEnglish-languagenewspaper,ChinaDaily,acknowledgedthedebateinspiredbytheshowandalsotartlyasked:"Howcomeanimitationofademocraticsystemendsupselectingthesingerwhohastheleastabilitytocarryatune?"Ms.LiandotherfinalistsarescheduledtoreleaseaCDsoon.Tryoutsfornextyear"sshowaretobegininafewmonths,assuming"SuperGirl"isnotcanceled.Butthereisgoodreasontothinkthatit,orsometypeofimitator,willbeontheairwavesagainforthesimplereasonthattheprogramreportedlymadegobsofmoney.汉语译文Day4Part2OnPostgraduateEnrollmentReform:PostgraduateEntrance-examinationCheatingPerspectiveAbstract:Currentlyitiscommonlyseenthatcheatingactivitiesprevailinthepostgraduateentranceexaminationwithincreasingcooperation,hi-techinvolvementanduniversalexistence,subjectivereasonsforwhicharetheutilitarianpurposeandblindly-followingpsychologyoftheindividualcandidates,andthelossofintegrity-and-honestymechanismandsoon;andexternalreasons(alsoknownasinstitutionalones)forwhichcanbefoundintheexcessiveincreaseinenrollment,imperfectionofexaminationregulations,improperdesignofexaminationpapersanddeficiencyofexaminationlaws/rules,etc.,resultinginprevailingcheatingactivitiesandconstantlyimprovedmeans.Inthisthesis,theauthormakesananalysisoftheseinstitutionalreasons,aimingatbanningthebreedingandspreadofcheatingwiththepracticeofproposedpostgraduateenrollmentreform,adaptationofexam-paperstructureandemploymentoftwo-stagequalificationexamination,etc.Keywords:postgraduateexamination,enrollmentexamination,cheating,institutionalreform英语原文

汉语译文当天翻译过程分析或体会100字以内！Day5PROCESSESANDOUTCOMESINNETWORKEDCLASSROOMINTERACTION:DEFININGTHERESEARCHAGENDAFORL2COMPUTER-ASSISTEDCLASSROOMDISCUSSIONLourdesOrtegaUniversityofHawai"iatManoaABSTRACTThepresentpaperfocusesontheuseofonenetworkedtechnology,namelysynchronouscomputer-mediatedinteraction,inthesecondlanguage(L2)classroom.Thescopeisintentionallylimitedtoresearchconcernedwithevaluatingthepotentialbenefitsofcomputer-assistedclassroomdiscussion(CACD)intermsofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)theory.ThefindingsstemmingfromtheexistingbodyofL2researchonCACDarecriticallyexaminedandanumberofmethodologicalsuggestionsareofferedforfutureresearchonCACD.Itissuggestedthatinadditiontoanalyzinglanguageoutcomesbymeansofwell-motivatedmeasuresofL2useandL2acquisition,amultiplicityofdatasourcesbeusedinCACDresearch,soastobeabletodocumenttheprocesseslearnersactuallyengageinwheninterpretingandcarryingoutCACDtasks.Aprocess-andtask-drivenresearchagendaforL2CACDisproposedwiththeultimategoalofdescribingthenatureoflanguage,learning,andinteractionfosteredinnetworkedsynchronouscommunicationandtoascertainwhichfeaturesofCACDmayormaynotberelevanttotheprocessesinvolvedinsecondlanguageacquisition.Computer-MediatedDiscussionintheLanguageClassroomTheuseofnetworkedcomputersforthepurposeoflargegroupdiscussionsinlanguageeducationalcontextsbeganwithhearingimpairedstudentslearningL1compositionatGallaudetUniversity(Batson,1988).Thesoftwareapplicationforcomputer-assistedclassroomdiscussion(CACD)whichismostwidelyusedinforeignlanguageclassroomsistheDaedalusIntegratedWritingEnvironment(DaedalusInc.,1989)anditsapplicationInterChange.Thissoftwarewasdevelopedinthe1980sintheEnglishDepartmentattheUniversityofTexasatAustinbyFredKemp,ascholarincompositionstudies,and11

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colleagues.SocialtheoriesofwritinginstructionthatemphasizethecollaborativenatureofmeaningandwritingwereatthecoreoftheDaedalussoftwareasitwasintendedtobeusedincompositionclasses(seeBarker&Kemp,1990;andforadiscussionoftheconcomitantsocialepistemictheoryofwriting,seeBerlin,1987).Inforeignlanguageclasses,DaedalusbegantobeusedalsointheUniversityofTexasatAustinintheearly1990s,buttheorientationwasmoreontarget-languagepracticethanonthedevelopmentofwritingskills.Inthelastsixyears,asmallnumberofFLstudies(andmostrecentlyESLstudies)havereportedontheuseofInterChange/DaedalusinCACDinvariousFLclassesinuniversitiesintheUnitedStates,typicallyforgeneralclassroomdiscussionpurposesratherthaninconnectionwithL2writinginstruction.HowdoesCACDwork?DuringatypicalDaedalus/InterChangesessioninthecomputerlab,eachstudentsitsinfrontofacomputerterminalandisfreetotypeinmessagesthatcanbesentbyclickingonthe"send"buttononthescreen.Sentmessagesappearontheupperhalfofallindividualscreens,displayedintheorderinwhichtheyweresentandautomaticallyidentifiedwiththenameofthesender.Allclassmemberscanreadeachother"scommentsattheirownpacebyscrollingupanddownthesent-messageswindow,andtheycanwritemessagesattheirownleisurewithoutinterferingeffects(freezing,etc.)fromincomingmessages.AmongthemanydifferenttypesofCALLactivitiesavailableforsecondlanguageinstruction,CACDstandsasapromisingareaforresearchinsecondlanguagelearningandteachingforseveralreasons.Forone,conductingclassdiscussionsonacomputernetworkentailsmeaningfuluseofthetargetlanguageandforcesteachersandstudentsawayfromtreatinglanguageasanobjectratherthanasamediumofcommunication(e.g.,Colomb&Simutis,1996).NotonlyisCACDacommunicativeCALLactivityinUnderwood"s(1984)sense,butitcanpromoteatask-andinteraction-drivenapproachtoL2learningandteachingwhichisthebackdroptoconcreteproposalsforcurriculumdesignsupersedingtraditionalcommunicativeapproaches(e.g.,analyticandTypeBsyllabiasoutlinedinWilkins,1976,andWhite,1988,respectively;seealsodetaileddiscussionofprocedural,process,andtasksyllabiinLong&Crookes,1993).ThecommunicativeinvestmentandthemeaningfulnessandrelevanceachievedinmanyCACDdiscussionsappeartoprovideforacontextinwhichopportunitiesforlanguagedevelopmentareenhanced,sincestudentsaremotivatedtostretchtheirlinguisticresourcesinordertomeetthedemandsofrealcommunicationinasocialcontext.Inbrief,theCACDenvironmentappearstobeoptimalfordevisingCALLactivitiesthatfacilitateandpromotecomprehensibleoutput(Swain,1985)withinaholistic,process-andtask-orientedapproachtotheL2curriculum(Long&Crookes,1993).OtherbenefitsofCACDassociatedwithlanguagelearningthathavebeenrepeatedlysingledoutintheFLliteratureare:Learnersareabletocontributeasmuchastheywantattheirownpaceandleisure;consequently,theytendtoperceiveCACDaslessthreateningandinhibitingthanoralinteractionsandproduceahighamountofwriting,withallstudentsparticipatingtoahighdegreeandallproducingseveralturns/messagespersession.Becauseoftheinteractivenatureofthewriting,learnersareexpectedtoengageinavarietyofinteractivemovesonthecomputerandtotakecontrolofmanagingthediscussion.Learnersmakeuseoftheavailableopportunitytotaketimetoplantheirmessagesand

editthem.InthiswaytheyengageinproductiveL2strategiesandprocesses.汉语译文当天翻译过程分析或体会100字以内！Day6**学院续聘英语外教的合同**学院（甲方）欲聘请美国人理查德.布鲁克(Mr.RichardBourke)（乙方）,护照号：404653028，为外语系的英语教师。经双方协商，达成以下协议：一、甲方保证：1、在校园内提供一套免费住房，配有必要的生活设施，如：厨房（含厨具）、浴室、冰箱、洗衣机、电视、和微机，打印机，免费宽带上网,并及时更新电脑软件，电话（费用自理），每月补助水电费最多不超过150元。2、乙方授课时数20学时/周每月需完成80学时工作量。如果乙方每月未能完成规定的课时，甲方可安排诸如教师培训等工作，乙方要服从工作安排，开学初、假期前课时微调，课时不超过每月要求完成的总时数。3、合同期满时甲方提供中国**---美国北卡迪那飞机票，或支付人民币现金5000元作异地交通补贴。4、购买与中方员工一样的平安保险，如遇特殊疾病影响教学，病假超过三周以上，甲方有权单方解除合同。对家庭成员不承担任何责任。5、课前提供教材和必要的教学资料。6、每月提供免税的6000元月薪，每月10日为发薪日。如乙方承担的课时超过合同规定的学时，付给经双方同意的超课时讲课费，即80元/学时，超课时讲课费学期末根据每月完成的课时总量核准。假期带薪。7、工作一学年，提供国内旅游补贴费201*元人民币，不满一年，补贴按实际工作的月份支付。8、上课班级学生数在50名左右。9、如果乙方两次教学评估不合格，甲方有权单方解除合同；如果乙方连续违反合同，如迟到、早退和缺课等，甲方有权单方解除合同。10、合同生效后，甲方有权根据乙方的能力、合作意愿和教学质量来调整授课班级13

汉语原文

教学计划和时数以及合作的延续。乙方全力支持甲方工作，如果乙方不服从甲方工作安排，甲方有权单方解除合同，但不承担任何违约责任。11、负担乙方在中国国内签证延期费用。二、乙方保证：1、每周完成20学时的教学任务，主要教授英语口语，包括期末出题、评卷。如不能完成规定课时，可将剩余课时用于教师教学研讨和培训，积极承担额外教学任务，尤其当其他外教生病时主动为其承担教学任务。2、参加学生组织的“英语角”等课外活动等，遵守学院及系内规定，如有违反愿与中方职工一样接受处分。3、爱护房间内的一切公共物品，如有意损坏，与中方职工一样按价赔偿，如过失损坏就不用赔偿。4、工作期间，严禁请假，特殊原因除外（疾病、意外伤害等），请假期间，其他教师承担教学的讲课费从乙方工资中扣除。另外，家庭成员的来往过境费用自理。5、乙方必须遵守中华人民共和国的有关法律、法规以及甲方的有关规章制度，遵守中国关于外事活动的一切规定。6、无甲方许可，不可做兼职工作，如有违反，承担违约责任。7、合同期满前60天以书面形式通知甲方是否续约。8、积极参与甲方对乙方的教学评估。9、禁止向甲方提供错误信息，如个人健康，学历证书等。如乙方提供错误信息，则因乙方提供错误信息产生的法律后果及给甲方造成的损失均由乙方承担法律责任。三、双方保证：1、共同遵守本合同内的一切款项，不得随意违背。2、如有争议，双方应本着友好合作的原则，协商解决，如无法解决，可诉诸法律。3、在合同有效期内，双方不得随意解除合同，如甲方非因法定或约定的原因解除合同，须向乙方支付违约金10000元人民币；如乙方无故解除合同，须向甲方支付违约金10000元人民币。4、甲方为乙方办理工作证。四、本合同有效期自201*年1月1日起，至201*年12月31日止。甲方代表签字：日期：乙方签字：日期：英语译文

当天翻译过程分析或体会100字以内！Day7Part1牡丹江简介牡丹江是一座历史积淀非常厚重的城市，是满族发祥地之一，造就了莺歌岭文化、唐代渤海文化、清代宁古塔流人文化、“闯关东”文化、抗联文化、北大荒文化以及火山文化、口岸文化等多种文化传承交融，不同的风土人情造就了牡丹江独特的民风民俗，使牡丹江成为开放度高、包容度高、思想比较活跃和开放的地区，铸就了“求实创新、跨越争先”的城市品格。牡丹江景色天成，是一个风光秀丽的旅游城市。位于北温带中部，属温带大陆季风气候，半湿润地区。地处盆地，四面环山，四季分明。冬可玩雪、夏可避暑、秋可观山、春可采摘。牡丹江有世界第一大高山堰塞湖镜泊湖，以及中国雪乡、唐代渤海国遗址等景区景点450多处，是国家级旅游城市。汉语原文英语译文Day7Part2陕南灾后绿色乡村社区营建策略研究国家十一五科技支撑计划重点项目“地震后灾区新农村建设技术集成与示范”项目编号：201*BAK51B04王*1靳**21**大学建筑学院教授、博导2**大学建筑学院讲师、在读博士摘要：“5.12”特大地震后，陕西省南部受到严重的破坏，尤其是宁强县和略阳县，灾后重建任务十分艰巨。面对社会各界的支援，灾区新农村建设呈现出前所未有的机遇，但如何在灾后全方位的营建绿色社区，并充分体现地域特色，也是一次严峻的挑战。灾后重建，要求我们不仅仅考虑房屋建筑等硬件实施的营建，还应统筹规划考虑农村主导产业的生产恢复与技术提升，更新产业结构，以及建设新的循环农业模式。为此结合项目的实施，我们特提出应结合该地区地域特点、产业结构和农村社会发展状况，从农村社区规划及建设发展模式开发与示范等方面营建绿色乡村社区。关键词：灾后重建新农村绿色乡村营建策略1引言15

汉语原文

201*年5月12日14时28分04秒，四川省汶川县发生8.0级特大地震。这次地震，是新中国成立以来破坏性最强、波及范围最广、救灾难度最大的一次地震，波及四川、甘肃、陕西、重庆等16个省区市。灾后重建任务十分艰巨，党和政府高度重视，国家科技部及时推出“国家十一五科技支撑计划重点项目”“地震后灾区新农村建设技术集成与示范”，由西北农林科技大学主持，联合西安建筑科技大学、同济大学等单位，在陕西受灾严重的宁强县广坪镇骆家嘴村建立示范点，开展“陕南灾后绿色乡村社区建设技术集成与示范”的研究。课题组历经多次调研、踏勘、测绘、规划设计、实验、现场施工、经验总结等大量工作，针对如何在灾后营建绿色社区提出相应营建策略，以供探讨。2机遇与挑战灾后社区营建陕西省宁强县位于陕西省西南角，全县总面积3246.8平方公里，常用耕地面积31万亩，总人口33.96万人，属中低山区县。此次大地震，宁强县26个乡镇普遍受灾，其中，宁强县内临近四川的广坪、青木川、毛坝河、禅家岩、二郎坝等乡镇灾情十分严重。位于宁强县西南角广坪镇的骆家嘴村则为受灾最为严重的村落，该村境内丘陵起伏，村域面积38.6平方公里，其中森林面积1863公顷，耕地面积1110亩。全村辖10个村民小组387户1490人。该村百分之九十以上的房屋在此次地震中受损，电力、水利、交通等基础设施严重损毁。由于当地经济相对落后，震后更是雪上加霜，很难再有经济能力重建自己的家园。虽然土坯房大多数毁坏，但是可以看出是由于当地农民建造技术的原因，屋顶虽然已经严重毁坏，但是墙体仍保持完好，因此这种原始生态的建筑材料在灾后重建中应重点考虑。（如图1、2）图1宁强县广坪镇骆家嘴村震后民居图2宁强县广坪镇骆家嘴村震后民居特大地震灾害之后，恢复重建的重点在农村，难点也在农村。地震后，灾区农村建设是我们面临的一个新课题、新挑战。震后，国家及各级政府十分重视，积极投入大量人力、物力、财力到灾区建设中，这为陕南灾后乡村建设带来了良好的机遇，但由于灾区农村大多数分布在山区，该地区原有基础设施差，技术落后，面对前所未有的灾后恢复重建任务，如何通过灾后重建真正做到让农村繁荣、让农民受益、让我国村镇建设走向可持续发展道路也是我们面临的课题与挑战。灾后重建任务艰巨复杂，涉及当地经济社会发展的方方面面，必须统筹兼顾，科学规划。不仅要安排好人类活动空间，还要考虑人与自然和谐相处，不仅要考虑恢复生产，还要考虑促进产业结构调整；不仅要考虑促进经济增长，还要合理安排经济布局；不仅要体现现代化要求，还要注意保护历史文化遗产。这样才能贯彻体现绿色乡村营建的特点。

英语译文当天翻译过程分析或体会100字以内！Day8Part1一顿午餐我打碎了一个重要的杯子，然后坐下来吃饭--面包、牛奶、鸡蛋和辣酱，基本上西式风格。突然，想听罗大佑的那首歌《你的样子》。于是找出磁带，却发现今天停电。人生总是这样！人生总是不完美!这样也好。这样才有希望。于是继续吃饭。英语译文汉语原文Day8Part2窗在一家医院的病房里，曾住过两位病人，他们的病情都很严重。这间病房十分窄小，仅能容得下他们人。病房设有一扇门和一个窗户，门通向走廊，透过窗户可以看到外界。其中一位病人经允许，可以分别在每天上午和下午起身坐上一个小时。这位病人的病床靠近窗口。而另一位病人则不得不日夜躺卧在病床上。当然，两位病人都需要静养治疗。使他们感到尤为痛苦的是，两人的病情不允许他们做任何事情借以消遣，既不能读书阅报，也不能听收音机、看电视……只有静静地躺着。而且只有他们两个人。噢，两人经常谈天，谈就是几个小时。他们谈起各自的家庭妻小，各自的工作，各自在战争中做过些什么，曾在哪些地方度假，等等。每天上午和下午，时间一到，靠近窗户的病人就被扶起身来，开始一小时的仰坐。每当这时，他就开始为同伴描述起他所见到的窗外的一切。渐渐地，每天的这两个小时，几乎就成了他和同伴生活中全部内容了。很显然，这个窗户俯瞰着一座公园，公园里面有一泓湖水，湖面上照例漫游着一群群野鸭、天鹅。公园里的孩子们有的在扔面包喂这些水禽，有的在摆弄游艇模型。一对17

汉语原文

对年轻的情侣手挽着手在树萌下散步。公园里鲜花盛开，主要有玫瑰花，但四周还有五彩斑澜、争相斗妍的牡丹花和金盏草。在公园那端的一角，有一块网球场。有时那儿进行的比赛确实精彩，不时也有几场板球赛，虽然球艺够不上正式决赛的水平，但是，有得看总比没有强。那边还有一块用于玩滚木球的草坪。公园的尽头是一排商店。在这些商店的后边，闹市区隐约可见。躺着的那位病人津津有味地听着这一切。这个时刻的每一分钟对他来说都是一种享受。描述仍在继续：一个孩童怎样差一点跌入湖中，身着夏装的姑娘是多么美丽动人。接着，又是一场扣人心弦的网球赛。他听着这栩栩如生的描述，仿佛亲眼看到了窗外所发生的一切。一天下午，当听到一名板球队员正慢悠悠地把球击得四处皆是时，不靠窗口的病人，突然产生了一个想法：为什么偏偏是挨着窗户的那个人，有幸能观赏到窗外的一切？为什么自己不应得到这种机会呢？他为自己会有这种想法而感到惭愧，竭力不再这么想。可是，他愈加克制，这种想法却变得愈加强烈，直至几天以后，这个想法已经进一步变为紧挨着窗口的为什么不该是我呢？他白昼无时不为这一想法所困扰，晚上，又彻夜难眠。结果，病情一天天加重了，医生们对其病因不得而知。一天晚上，他照例睁着双眼盯着天花板。这时，他的同伴突然醒来，开始大声咳嗽，呼吸急促，时断时续，液体已经充塞了他的肺腔，他两手摸索着，在找电铃的按钮，只要电铃一响，值班的护土就会立即赶来。但是，另一位病人却纹丝不动地看着。心想，他凭什么要占据窗口那张床位呢?痛苦的咳嗽声打破了黑夜的沉静。一声又一声……卡住了……停止了……直至最后呼吸声也停止了。另一位病人仍然继续盯着天花板。第二天早晨，医护人员送来了漱口水，发现那个病人早已咽气了，他们静悄悄地将尸体抬了出去，丝毫没有大惊小怪。稍过了几天，似乎这时开口已经正当得体。剩下的这位病人就立刻提出是否能让他挪到窗口的那张床上去。医护人员把他抬了过去，将他舒舒服服地安顿在那张病床上。接着他们离开了病房，剩下他一个静静地躺在那儿。医生刚一离开，这位病人就十分痛苦地挣扎着，用一支胳膊肘支起了身子，口中气喘吁吁。他探头朝窗口望去。他看到的只是光秃秃的一堵墙。英语译文

当天翻译过程分析或体会100字以内！Day9Part1***，西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院副教授，国家住房和城乡建设部村镇司农房建设技术西部研究中心主任，长期从事村镇建筑抗震防灾研究与实践。近年来走遍中西部广大农村地区，对农村住房建设现状有深入了解。特别是四川汶川地震及青海玉树地震后，配合国家住房和城乡建设部进行了大量震损农房的调研、评估及农房恢复重建指导工作。**，男，1951生，西安建筑科技大学教授，博士生导师。现任西安建筑科技大学建筑与环境研究所所长，主要从事地域文化与乡土建筑、生土建筑、城市公共空间设计等方面的研究。陕西省重点学科－建筑设计及其理论学科带头人之一，陕西省名牌专业－建筑学专业责任教授。主持国家自然科学基金项目两项，多年来致力于黄土高原人居环境可持续发展研究与地域建筑文化研究。在窑洞与生土建筑研究领域处国内领先地位。汉语原文**，1970年4月18日生于重庆，1992年7月获西安建筑科技大学建筑学学士学位，1996年2月获重庆建筑大学建筑学硕士学位，201*年1月获重庆建筑大学城市规划与设计博士学位。201*年晋升正高级工程师，注册城市规划师。201*年评为教授，西安建筑科技大学硕士生导师。1992年至今从事建筑设计和城市规划设计，获四川省城市规划设计一等奖2项，全国城市规划设计三等奖2项，全国勘察设计三等奖1项。出版学术专著一部，发表学术论文23篇。四川省突出贡献专家，第九届四川省青年科技奖获奖者。现任四川省城乡规划设计研究院总工程师。***，西安建筑科技大学建筑学院教授，博导，国家公派访问学者，中国"西部之光"访问学者。长期从事西部弱势群体人居环境发展、历史文化村镇保护、城市设计等领域的课题研究与规划设计工程实践。近年主持完成国家自然科学基金一项，在研国家级、省部级纵向课题6项，主编学术专著1部，发表学术论文20余篇。

英语译文Day9Part2外交部：美南海问题声明发严重错误信号新华网北京8月4日电中国外交部发言人秦刚4日就美国务院发表所谓南海问题声明阐明中方严正立场。秦刚说，8月3日，美国国务院就南海问题发表所谓声明，罔顾事实，混淆是非，发出了严重错误信号，无助于有关各方维护南海乃至亚太地区和平稳定的努力。中方对此表示强烈不满和坚决反对。秦刚说，中国对南海诸岛及其附近海域拥有无可争辩的主权，这方面的历史事实是清楚的。而且，1959年中国就设立了隶属广东省的西、南、中沙群岛办事处，对西沙、中沙和南沙群岛的岛礁及其海域进行行政管辖。此次设立三沙市是中国对现有有关地方行政管辖机构的必要调整，是中国主权范围内的事情。他说，需要指出的是，20多年来，在中国和有关地区国家的共同努力下，保持了南海的和平稳定，航行自由和正常贸易得到充分保障。201*年，中国和东盟国家共同签署《南海各方行为宣言》。《宣言》明确规定，由直接有关的主权国家通过友好协商和谈判，以和平方式解决领土和管辖权争议，同时承诺不采取使争议复杂化、扩大化的行动。现在令人担心的是，个别国家不尊重、不遵守《宣言》，以挑衅的方式一而再、再而三地破坏《宣言》的基本原则和精神，也给商谈“南海行为准则”制造了困难。因此，中方在对同东盟国家商谈“南海行为准则”持开放态度的同时，主张各方必须严格遵守《宣言》，以为商谈“准则”创造必要条件和气氛。秦刚说，美方对中国正常、合理之举的无端指责不能不使人们对美方的意图提出质疑。美国为什么对有的国家在南海划出大批油气区块、出台将中国的岛礁和海域划为己有的国内立法视而不见，为什么对有的国家出动军舰威胁中国渔民，对无争议的中国岛礁无理提出主权要求避而不谈，却对中方应对这些挑衅行为的合理、适度反应提出无端指责？又为什么在地区有关国家加强对话沟通、努力化解矛盾、平息事态之际突兀发声，拨弄是非？这种选择性视盲和发声有悖其所声称的对争议“不持立场”、“不介入”的态度，不利于地区国家的团结合作与和平稳定。他说，当前，全球经济低迷，一些地区国家动荡，亚太是相对稳定和最具活力的地区，也是世界经济复苏的重要支撑。美方应该顺应时代潮流，尊重本地区国家谋和平、求稳定、促发展的普遍愿望和有关共识，尊重中国的主权和领土完整，多做有利于亚太稳定繁荣的事，而不是相反。秦刚说，中国同东盟建立对话关系20多年来，建立了发展中国家间最大的自由贸易区，共同应对了亚洲金融危机、国际金融危机和重大自然灾害等各种挑战，各领域合作全面推进。中国重视同东盟的友好合作关系，支持东盟一体化进程，支持东盟在东亚合作中的主导地位，愿同东盟一道努力，排除干扰，进一步推动双方战略伙伴关系向前20汉语原文

发展。英语译文当天翻译过程分析或体会100字以内！Day10西部乡村低收入人群民居灾后设计以512四川大坪村灾后重建为例**，***【作者简介】：**，西安建筑科技大学，建筑学院，博士生，助教地址：西安建筑科技大学建筑学院邮编：710055***，西安建筑科技大学，建筑学院，特聘教授，博士生导师【项目基金】：1．国家创新研究群体科学基金项目《西部地域建筑环境与能耗控制理论研究》（项目编号50921005）资助；汉语原文2．西安建筑科技大学青年科技基金《四川彭州大坪村灾后重建乡村聚落生态化创作思路研究》（项目编号DA02039）资助；【摘要】：本文以四川省彭州市通济镇大坪村民居灾后重建为例，探讨了我国西部乡村地区这一低收入人群在面临严峻的经济贫困与生态贫困的状态下，如何解决新建建筑与环境的协调发展问题。在明确原有民居缺陷的基础上，新建民居注重从解决建筑安全性，尊重当地生活方式出发，采用当地材料、沿用传统结构、改进室内热环境、利用自然通风与采光、发掘可再生能源利用技术等，在降低建造与运行成本的同时做到对自然环境的保护与民居的持久发展。【关键词】：灾后重建，乡村民居，低收入，建造成本，运行成本1．前言201*年5月12日，一场巨大的地震灾害袭击了我国四川省大部分地区。受灾区处于我国西部地区，西部地区的特殊性主要表现在：西部总体自然环境差、生态环境脆弱,人口增长速度快，人地关系矛盾突出，经济发展相对落后，乡村地区贫困现象严重，面临一系列的生态破坏与退化问题。西部地区的生态环境具有十分重要的位置，是我国生

态环境的重要屏障，其环境的优劣直接决定了我国总体环境状况。因此，该地区灾后重建要在经济条件相对较差的基础上注重防灾减灾安全性，还要注重对自然生态环境的保护。课题组作为志愿者团队，在北京地球村环境文化中心的倡导和组织下，对四川省彭州市通济镇大坪村开展了地震灾区乡村民居可持续性发展研究，进行了灾后重建的方案创作，并应用于第一期44户示范工程建设。2．四川大坪村受灾情况大坪村隶属于四川省彭州市通济镇，位于成都西北约70公里处（东经103°49′，北纬30°9′）的大坪山上，海拔高度约1400米，与龙门山隔白水河沟相望，直线距离汶川县城不足30公里。512大地震中，大坪村遭受严重创伤，道路中断，桥梁破坏，新建砖混结构房屋全部倒塌，传统的木结构房屋亦破坏严重，无法继续使用，村民生产、生活活动几乎无法进行[2](如图1)。3．大坪村经济状况大坪村所处自然环境优美，但是由于受地理条件、观念等等的限制，当地经济发展相对缓慢。主要原因在于：1）交通不便大坪村海拔1400米，当地村民生活在崇山峻岭之中，平地少，山地多，出行交通极其不便，基本以步代车，徒步约6km的崎岖山路。5.12地震后，这里的山路受到了严重的破坏。2）收入渠道单一当地村民种植的农作物主要有玉米、土豆、洋姜，而这些作物所带来的收入仅够平日开销。村民的经济收入主要是靠种植黄莲获得。地震发生后，黄连受严重破坏，该部分经济收入被切断。除此外，当地部分年轻劳动力农闲时外出打工贴补家用，地震后都回来重建家园。因此，收入比之前更低。据统计，44户村民年收入在3000元以下的占到7%；3000元-5000元的占到16%，5000元-7000元的占到27%，7000元-10000元的占到23%，10000元以上的占到27%，(如图2)。3）旅游业发展受制约大坪村自然环境优美，适宜于大力发展旅图2当地村民每户年均收入状况游业以增加当地村民收入。但限于当地基础设施落后、交通不便、启动资金不足等，很大程度上制约了当地旅游经济的发展。4)新建住宅经济投入灾后重建中，在当地政府、北京地球村环境文化中心和中国红十字基金会大力的经济支持下进行。政府根据人口与建房规模每户资助1.6或1.9万元不等，中国红十字基金会按人口计算，每人资助4850元。据调查了解，在新建的44户中，一口之家有1户；二口之家有9户，三口之家有22

图1地震对大坪村民居破坏情况

12户；四口之家有14户；五口之家有6户；六口之家有2户。

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