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英语写作套路

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英语写作套路

英语写作套路

一、作文的基本模式写作框架:

第一段:thesis,supportingdetails点题,提出论点

过渡句topicsentence,中间段body:该句是中间段(第二段、核心段)的领头句,是第一段过渡到中间段(第二段)的桥梁,是承上启下的连接句,它直接关系到中间段的发展方向,因此,务必写好它,做到简单、巧妙、通畅,不拖泥带水。

在核心段要注意各层次之间的转换、连接。如果是同类思想,用moreover,inaddition,what’s

more等。如果情况相反,则用however,nevertheless等。

结尾段conclusion:该段是全篇文章的总结段,应该紧扣开头,回答问题或者表达出作者的观点。

NoPains,NoGains

(1)Nearlyeverycivilizationhasitsownequivalenttotheproverb“Nopainsnogains”.Itmeansthatnothingthatisreallyworthhavingcanbegainedwithoutpainstakingeffortsandthatnoknowledgeorskillcanbeacquiredwithoutsweatortoil.

(3)Youdon’thavetolookveryfartoprovethetruthoftheproverb.Darwin’sgreatdiscoverywasnottheworkofmomenteffortbutwasprecededbyyearsofpatient,arduousobservation.

MozartwasnotanaccomplishedpianistattheageofeightastheresultofwatchingcountlesshoursofTV.NordidEdisonmakehimselfthegreatestinventorintheworldbyspendinghissparetimeonegoingtopartiesandbars.Hiswords“Geniusis99percentperspirationandonepercent

inspiration”revealthesecretofthousandsofsuccessfulmenandwomen.Allaccomplishmentsandsuccesstheyachieved,withoutexception,comefromsustainedendeavor.

(9)Althoughitisanoldsayinganditsillustrationismainlyfoundinfamouspeople,nopainsnogainsalsohasitsprofoundandrealisticsignificanceinourcollegestudies.Tohaveagoodgradeinacourse,toacquireknowledgeinaparticularfield,ortoattainanyacademicgoalsrequiresgreatexertionandpersistenteffort.

第一句点题,自然贴切。第三句为过渡句,引出下文。中间段用了三个名人的故事,证明开头所提的观点,信手拈来,论证贴切,自然。用Although…句引出结尾段,总结全文,表达出作者的基本观点。

二、作文布局与技巧

I.开头段如何写:奇笔开篇(开篇要新奇以吸引读者的注意力,造成先声夺人的效

果);开宗明义(使得观点明确,主题清楚,赞成什么,反对什么,在文章的开头把自己的观点明确、清楚地亮出,可以使文章在开始就有了立足的根基);起承转合(起笔就要定好基调,定好如何展开下文;中间部分头尾兼顾;结尾则应呼应开头)

以格言、引语开头

Time

“Timeandtidewaitfornoman.”Thisisaproverbwelearnedinhighschool.Simpleasitis,it

tellsaneverlastingtruthoflife.Timeneverstopsforanyoneoranything,soallhavetosurrendertoitsquick-passingsteps.Thepressingproblemthenis:howtomakegooduseofit?Peoplemayhavedifferentattitudestoit.

以定义法开头

Hope

Whatishope?AccordingtotheGreekandRomanmythology,hopeisthelastthingthatisleftin

Pandora’sbox.Itissomethingthatalwaysstayswithpen-pienomatterwhatkindofmisfortunehashappened,andencouragespeopletofightwiththemisfortuneuntilthelastmoment.

Anyonewhohassomeexperienceswillagreethatlifeishard.

以开宗明义、之抒胸臆的句子开头

OnBooks

Booksareofvariouskindsandhavedifferentcontents.Wehavehistorybooksrecordingpast

events,geographybooksdealingwiththeearth,mathematicsbooksfocusingonspaceandnumbers,languagebooksdealingwiththemeansofcommunicationandliterarybooksreflectingsocialproblems.Inaword,wehavevariousbookstacklingdifferentoccurrenceintheworld.

Then,whatisthefunctionofreading?

以数字开头

PopulationofaSmallIslandState

Fromthediagram,wecanseethatbetween1990and1950,thepopulationofthestateremaineda

littlemorethan200,000.Since1950ithasbeenincreasingrapidly.Inthepastfourdecades,thepopulationhasgoneupoverthreetimes.

Thereareseveralreasonsfortheincrease.Firstly…

现象法开头

AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofAdvertisements

Nowadays,itisdifficulttofindapublicplacewithoutadvertisement.Wereadadsinthepress,see

themonthetelevision,andhearthemovertheradio.Evenwhenwewatchaballgame,adswillmeetoureye.

Itistruethatineconomicactivitiesadvertisementsareplayingamoreandmoreimportantrole.

Theytellpeopleaboutnewproductsandhelppromotesales.以扣人心弦的故事材料开头

GunCrimes

MymindwentnumbwhenIsawthegunpointingagainstthecarwindowsaspulledoutofthe

garage:Thiscan’tbehappeningtome.ThenIfeltthegun,cold,againstmyhead,andIheardmyfriendJeremysaying,“Whatdoyouwant?Takemywallet,”butatthetimeIthoughtofnothing.

Irememberbeingvaguelyannoyedwhenthegunmanpulledmefromthecarbythehair.

以引用语开头

OnceaThief,AlwaysaThief?

“Becarefulofhim.Maybehewillstealsomethingfromyou.Hewasonceathief.”Weoftenhear

otherstalkingaboutsomebodylikethis.Peopleoftendonotbelieveapersonwhohasoncebeenathief.Butonehasoncebeenathief,oneisalwaysathief?

Somepeoplebelievethatonceapersonhascommittedsomekindofcrime,hewillneverbea

respectableman.Theythinkthatthefactapersononcehasbeenathiefshowthathewantstobeathiefinhisdeepheart.

提出问题式开头

Hobbies

Whatdoyouthinkoftheroleofhobbiesinyourdailylife?Doyouhaveanyhobbies?It’s

well-knownthathobbiescanenrichoursparetime,moldourtemperamentandfreeusfromtheseverepressurederivingfromthecompetitionconcerningworkandstudyaswell.

Differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.Somepeoplelikeactivehobbies,thatis,sportssuchasplayingfootballorbasketball,running,swimmingandskating.Others…

2.作文中间段(核心段)的写作技巧核心段的结构特征:

Sub-topicsentence(该句为过渡句,责任重大,既要承上启下,又要统领整个第二段,务必写好它。)Ideasandsupportdetails过渡好了以后该怎么办?接下来的是最关键的部分,可以分两点或三点来加以论述,提出一个idea,再找出supportdetails,然后再提出第二个idea,再用supportdetails来论证它…。有具体论证、举例、对比、设问、演绎归纳、记叙、逻辑顺序、时间顺序等写作方法。中间段的写作要注意:

1)意思的完整性2)意思的统一性3)意思的连贯性

3.结尾段

结尾应刚健有力、简洁明快,不拖泥带水。好的结尾一般有这么三个特点:简洁有力,出人意料,寓意无穷。

具体方法论有:总结全文,卒章显志(直接总结全文,将作者的观点或全文的中心思想在最后高度概括和盘托出,具有归纳性和总结性),首尾呼应(对开头所讲的观点、看法,提出一个满意的解决方案),终局点睛(在文章的末尾用一两句含义丰富的话点出全篇的主旨所在,或表达作者的某种感情和思想),提出建议、发出号召(总结全文,也对未来提出展望)

信号词:

1.总括过渡词

asarule,asfarasIamconcerned,asforme,economicallyspeaking,generallyspeaking,inmyopinion,inmyview,insomerespects,obviously,onalargerscale,onapersonallevel,practicallyspeaking

2.同类过渡词

both…and…,equallyimportant,foronething…foranother…,inasimilarway,inthesameway,likewise,namely,similarly,thatis,thesameas

3.对比过渡词

conversely,insharpcontrast,in/bycontrast,onthecontrary,ononehand…ontheotherhand,otherwise,ratherthan,unlike,but,whereas

4.举例过渡词

Acaseinpointisthat…,asanillustration,forexample,forinstance,suchas,asantherexample,asstillanotherexample

5.列举过渡词

firstofall,first,second,third,inthefirstplace,initially,tostartwith,firstandforemost,furthermore,inaddition,moreover,What’smore,finally

6.原因过渡词

byvirtueof借助,由于,dueto,considering,asaresultof,given,inviewof,onaccountof,onthegroundsthat,owingto,seeingthat

7.让步过渡词

although,inspiteof,itistrue…but,eventhough,ofcourse,certainly,admittedly,indeed,true

8.转折过渡词

nevertheless,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,yet

9.强调过渡词

anyway,chiefly,evenworse,moreoftenthannot,mostimportantofall,needlesstosay,nodoubt,particularly,tobesure

10.目的过渡词withtheaimof,forthesakeof,withaviewto,forthepurposeof

11.承接过渡词

uponreceivingthenewsthat=assoonas,asamatteroffact,sotospeak,however,asitwere,dayafterday,yearinandyearout

12.条件过渡词given,aslongas,providedthat

13.结论过渡词

allinall,accordingly,asaconsequence,asaresult,byandlarge,consequently,hence,inbrief,inconclusion,ingeneral,inshort,itfollowsthat,onthataccount,onthewhole,therefore,thus,toconclude,tosumupinaword,withtheresultthat,insummary

扩展阅读:英语写作套路

写作套路

我们知道,文章的结构掌控着文章的全局。作文的内容固然重要,但它离不开结构的衬托。没有结构的内容就犹如一盘散沙,令人无所适从。

以下的套路可以帮助初写者理清思路,使文章不至于离题万里。恰当使用这些套路的关键在于灵活运用而不是生搬硬套。(一)、MyViewON…题型

公说公有理,婆说婆有理,许多话题永远争论不休。写作常考的就是这种题型。例如:“1、失败是常有的事。2、人们对失败有各种不同的态度。3、我对失败的态度。”“1、有人认为金钱是幸福之本SOURCEOFHAPPINESS。2、也有人认为金钱是万恶之源ROOTOFEVIL。3、我的看法。”等等。下面三种套路可任选一个。

套路一:

People’sviews/ideas/opinionson……varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthat……Theyholdthisopinionbecause……However,othersholdthat……

Astome,Iaminfavorofthefirst/secondidea.Thefollowingarethereasonsof/formychoice/personalinclination.

First,whileitistruethat……,itdoesn’tmeanthat……Besides/Ontheotherhand,……Admittedly,……butthisisnottosaythat……

Therefore/Inaword/Fromthingsmentionedabove,……套路二:

Differentpeoplemayhavedifferentviewson……Itisheldthat……

1Butitisalsoheldthat……

Thosewhoholdthefirstopinion……Incontrast,thosewhoholdthesecondview……

Astome,Iagreewiththelatteropinion.Admittedly,…….Butthisisnottosaythat……

套路三:

Whenaskedaboutatheme,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions……isnoexception.Somepeopletakeitforgranted/say/think/believethat……However,othersholdthat……

AsfarasIamconcerned,Iaminfavorofthefirst/secondview.Thereasonsareasfollows.

First,thereisanelementoftruththat……butitdoesn’tfollowthat……Acaseinpointisthat……Therefore,thefirstviewdoesn’tholdwater/cannotbearmuchanalysis/can’tstanduptocloseexamination.

Inconclusion……(二)、AdvantageandDisadvantageof…题型

事物总是一分为二的。写作题目中有许多是涉及某一事物的正反两方面。比如“运动的积极因素和消极因素”,“双休日的好处与负作用”,“新的科技给社会带来的好处与问题”等等。凡涉及到利弊的题目时都可以用下面这个套路。

套路:

Nowadays,……playsanimportantpart/rolein……Likeeverythingelse,……has/havebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generally,the

advantagecanbelistedasfollows.

First,……Besides,……Mostimportantofall,……

Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,……Tomakemattersworse/worstofall,……

Throughaboveanalysis,Ibelievethattheadvantages/positiveaspectsoutweighthedisadvantage/negativeones.Therefore,……(三)、Howto…题型

办法人人都有。你能把你想出的办法一个一个地罗列清楚吗?比如“怎样才能实现绿化”,“我是如何克服英语学习中的困难的”,“我怎么为我理想的职业做准备”等等,就可以用到下面这个套路。

套路:……

Manywayscancontributetosolvethisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Firstofall,……Besides,/Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemof……is……Finally,……

Therearenotthebestandtheonlytwo/threemeasureswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthatweshouldtakestrongactionsto……(四)、AorB…题型

人生面临着许多抉择。这在考试写作中也反映了出来。例如“始终从事一种工作还是经常更换工作”,“有选择的读书还是博览群书”等。碰到这种“两者选一”的题目,便可运用下列两种套路中的一种。

套路一:

Whenwe/you……,we/youface2thechoicebetweenAandB.Beforemakingtherightchoice,we/youhadbettermakeaclosecomparisonandcontrastofthem.

Firstofall,A……Also,B……Second,A……Likewise,B……Despitetheirsimilarities,AandBarealsodifferentinthefollowingaspects.First,A……However,B……Besides,A……Onthecontrary,B……

Therefore,itdependswhich……we/youshouldchoose.Ifwe/you……,we/youshouldchooseA;butifwe/you……,we/youshouldturntoB.

套路二:

Whenwe……,itisinevitabletomeetthechoicebetweenAandB.Weshouldberegardedasinconsiderateifwerushedourdecisionwithoutcomparingorcontrastingthem.

First/Firstofall/Tobeginwith,bothAandB……A……However,B……Besides/Moreover/Inaddition/What’smore,A……However/Incontrast/Onthecontrary/Ontheotherhand,……Finally,themoststrikingdifferenceisthatA……whileB……Therefore,itisnotdifficulttomakearightchoicenow.Ifwe……wewillchooseA;butifwe……wewillturntoB.Inaword,thekeyliesin……

(五)、Why…题型

有因必有果,有果必有因。考试考原因的也很多。比如“为什么自行车在中国这么普及”,“我为什么参加这份工作”等等。要说明原因或理由,可用如下两种套路的任何一种。

套路一:

……Therearemanyreasons/causesfor……,Butingeneral,theycomedowntothreemajorones.Foronething,……Foranother,……Perhapstheprimereason/causeisthat……Fromtheforegoing,…….

套路二:

Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountfor/contributeto/responsibleforthereasonwhy……,butthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.First,……Besides/Furthermore/Moreover/Inaddition/What’smore,……Mostimportantofall/Aboveall,……

Allinall/Inconclusion,……

如何写好开头和结尾

一、开头万能公式:

1.开头万能公式一:名人名言

有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编!

原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理.经典句型:

Thereisaproverbgoeslikethis/Aproverbsays,“Youareonlyyoungonce.”(适用于已记住的名言)

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwecannotbeyoungforever.(适用于自编名言)更多经典句型:

2.开头万能公式二:数字统计

原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。

原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型:

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78.9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation.

看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造:

Honesty

根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。

TravelbyBike

根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth

根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-dayWorkWeekBetterthanSix-dayWork?根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型:

Arecentstatisticsshowsthat…二结尾万能公式:

3

Aseveryoneknows,Noonecandenythat…

1.结尾万能公式一:如此结论

说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子:

Obviously(此为过渡短语),wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefrompolitenessandrespectforothers.

如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了!更多过渡短语:

tosumup,inconclusion,inbrief,onaccountofthis,thus

更多句型:

Thus,itcanbeconcludedthat…,Therefore,wecanfindthat…2.结尾万能公式二:如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。

Obviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.

这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢?更多句型:

Accordingly,Irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken.

Consequently,tosolvetheproblem,somemeasuresshouldbetaken.

如何写好主体段落

一、举实例

4

思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子!

Inordertoattractmorecustomers,advertisershaveadoptedeverypossiblesimulativefactorinmakingads,suchassound,light,colours,cartoonfilmsandhumanperformance.Forinstance,toadvertiseacertainfood,advertiserswillaskanactororactresstositatatableanddevourtheseeminglydeliciousfoodwhiletheyfilmhimorher.

更多句型:

Totake…asanexample,Oneexampleis…,Anotherexampleis…,forexample二、做比较

方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的;世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(throughcomparison)和不同点(throughcontrast)。下面是一些短语:相似的比较:

incomparison,likewise,similarly,inthesamemanner相反的比较:

ontheotherhand,conversely,whereas,while,instead,nevertheless,incontrast,onthecontrary,comparedwith…三、一二三原则

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点…如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1)first,second,third,last(不推荐,原因:俗)

2)firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally(不推荐,原因:俗)

3)thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast(不推荐,原因:俗)4)inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,5)tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally(强烈推荐)6)tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally(强烈推荐)

7)firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast(强烈推荐)8)mostimportantofall,moreover,finally

9)ontheonehand,ontheotherhand(适用于两点的情况)10)foronething,foranotherthing(适用于两点的情况)

5

lastly(不推荐,原因:俗)

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