看完这部纪录片，我脑海中第一想到的是今年海淀一模的作文题：“文化互鉴”。
这道题审题难度很高，重点在于一个“互”字。只有一方借鉴另一方自然不算互鉴，若是一方把文化强行推销给另一方，恐怕也不能算是互鉴。至于英国媒体以中国古代诗人为主题拍摄的一部纪录片，又被引入到中国受到国人的追捧，这大概就是“文化互鉴”最好的例子之一吧。
话说，一百多年前，林则徐、魏源提出了“睁眼看世界”的主张。他们深刻地认识到了中外文化的差异，于是以中国文化之眼，第一次认真看到了西方的文明。一百年来，中国的发展让一些西方人也渐渐睁开了眼，仔细审视中国和中国背后的东方文明。他们的一些思考被翻译到中国，使中国人得以用西方文化之眼重新审视自己的文化，这固然是有利于文化发展的事。其中著名者，更是有“李约瑟之谜”这样启发中国社会科学现代化的世纪问题。
好像有些离题了……
回到这两天推荐的《伟大诗人杜甫》(直译是“杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人”)，这部纪录片可以说是用西方文化之眼审视东方文明的佳作了。其实，这部纪录片主要取材自民国史学家洪业的《杜甫：中国最伟大的诗人》，这就更有些“文化互鉴”的味道了……
昨天给了这部影片中英两个链接，中文版是删节过的，大概就像给观众又戴上了东方文明的眼镜，过滤掉了一些利于西方观众理解的比喻，也删掉了一些“不够正能量”的故事，比如杜甫的姑姑舍子救侄，大概是时长限制之故。总之如果时间足够，而且能全英文无字幕地看下去，那么英文版应该是观影的首选。阅读原文里就有无字幕的官方版本。中文版的味道要差些，不过也很能启发人就是了。
看英文版有个难题：影片中有一些很有韵律的语句，却总觉得有些诡异。这些语句，其实大都是翻译的杜甫的诗。这时，必得知晓原文选段，中英互相搭配着看，方能嚼出百分之一百的韵味。
那么，我就主要讲讲最受喜爱也是争议最大的“麦克莱恩爵士朗诵杜诗”环节吧…..个人愚见，不喜但喷无妨。
注：给出的时间点是该段朗诵开始的时间点，第一个是中文版，第二个是英文版。没有选择的诗句已用( )括出，另有{ }括出中文版删节的内容。译者的名字在英文版片尾有给出，只是不知道是哪位名家翻译的哪一段……文字大部分来自中文版官方字幕，部分来源于网络，也有部分是听力理解的产物，可能有错，事先声明。
04:17/06:37
《壮游》选段
往昔十四五，出游翰墨场。斯文崔魏徒，以我似班扬。七龄思即壮，开口咏凤凰。九龄书大字，有作成一囊。性豪业嗜酒，嫉恶怀刚肠。脱略小时辈，结交皆老苍。饮酣视八极，俗物都茫茫……
My Brave Adventures
When I was still only in my seventh year, mymind was already full of heroic deeds. My first poem was about Phoenix, theharbinger of a sagacious reign, a new age of wisdom. When I was in my ninthyear, I had already written enough poems to fill a satchel. At fourteen, Ifirst began to read my poems in public. The literary masters compared me to thegreat writers in the past. I was temperamental and I was already overfund ofwine I needed it to soften an uncompromising hatred of wickedness and hypocrisy.I associated only with wise old grey heads. Exhilarated by wine, we cast ourglances over the entire universe. And all vulgar worldliness dwindled intooblivion.
这首诗的翻译很有意思。首先，译文改变了原诗的叙事顺序，将插叙改为西方观众更为熟悉的顺叙，更符合西方观众的阅读习惯。其次，在“开口咏凤凰”一句的翻译中，译者考虑到了中外文化的差异，额外以“圣明的统治和智慧的新时代的先兆”加以补充说明，很好地概括了凤凰在中国古代文化中的意义。类似的处理还有将“崔魏徒”译为“文学大师”，将“班扬”译为“过去的著名作者”，“八极”译为“全部的宇宙”，表意比较准确。最后，在“脱略小时辈，结交皆老苍”一句的处理中，译者将含义相近的两句合并翻译为“我只和有智慧的老年人交往”，在叙事上更为简单，便于观众理解。
06:06/08:23
《观公孙大娘弟子舞剑器行》选段
……开元五载，余尚童稚，记于郾城观公孙氏，舞剑器洒脱……
(昔有佳人公孙氏，一舞剑器动四方。)观者如山色沮丧，天地为之久低昂。霍如羿射九日落，矫如群帝骖龙翔。来如雷霆收震怒，罢如江海凝清光……
On Seeing the Sword Dance of the Pupil ofMadam Gongsun
I remembered when I was still a child agedfive, I saw a famous dancer Gongsun perform the sword dance. Watching her, youfelt heaven struggling against the Earth. When she bent back, you saw nine sunsfalling, shot down by Yi, the god of archers. When she leapt, you imagined godsastride flying dragons in the clouds. When she advanced you expected thunderand lightning from a gathering storm. Andwhen she stopped, you saw the soft light over a vast, calm sea.
这首诗在全片中两次出现，两次都是序、诗混杂，用序中的叙事部分对诗中相应语句进行替换、补充，使翻译出来的译文故事性更强、更完整。这首诗的译文很好地保留了原诗的排比色彩，在涉及相关传统文化词汇如“羿”时也有适当的补充，读起来别有一番韵味。
09:05/13:07
《奉赠韦左丞丈二十二韵》选段
(纨绔不饿死，儒冠多误身。丈人试静听，贱子请具陈。)甫昔少年日，早充观国宾。(读书破万卷，下笔如有神。)赋料扬雄敌，诗看子建亲。(李邕求识面，王翰愿卜邻。)自谓颇挺出，立登要路津。致君尧舜上，再使风俗淳。此意竟萧条，行歌非隐沦……
Verses to Minister Wei
In the prime of life, I was sent by my home prefecture to sitthe state examination. I feared no rival among the competing scholars, nor any difficultquestions that might be put to me. I thought, of course, that I was extraordinaryand should immediately climb to the top, and restore the purity of culture andcivilization. But unfortunately, the board of examinations thought otherwise.They failed me. All my hopes were shattered.
就我的个人看法，这一段朗诵大概是全片中最好、最用情的了。当然，这一段的改编也是很多的。译文把很多文学化的、含蓄的语言翻译得很朴实、直接，甚至改动之后的文字已经不太像是诗歌了，而更像是一个自传体的故事。就观感来说，这段翻译无疑是成功的，但我个人觉得这样的翻译其实有点像是牵强附会……而且，选的句子跳过了一些本来可以选取的名句(如：读书破万卷，下笔如有神)，这件事有点令人接受不能。
11:05/15:16
《壮游》选段
……放荡齐赵间，裘马颇清狂。春歌丛台上，冬猎青丘旁。呼鹰皂枥林，逐兽云雪冈。(射飞曾纵鞚，引臂落鹙鸧。苏侯据鞍喜，忽如携葛强。快意八九年，西归到咸阳。许与必词伯，赏游实贤王。)曳裾置醴地，(奏赋入明光。)…..
My Brave Adventures
The next few years, I played and roamed. In the spring, Isang on the terraces where the poets competed. Summer (?), I hunted among thegreen hills. In the winter, I whistled for the falcons in the purple oakforests, and chased wild beasts on cloud and snow ridge. I trailed my hemswherever sweet ale was served. I drank myself sick.
这段翻译…...怎么说呢，确实是实事求是。译文中有一个明显和原文不符的地方，个人怀疑是译者认为冬天出现“绿色的山”很违和，所以改成了“夏猎青丘旁”，强行构成排比。不过……青丘不就是个山名吗?冬猎很奇怪吗?最后一句“我喝醉了”原诗中应该没有，是译者增加的，也算是表达出了“曳裾置醴地”的隐含义，很有意趣，不过或许翻译一下“奏赋入明光。”更好些?
13:30/17:41
《梦李白二首·其一》选段
死别已吞声，生别常恻恻。(江南瘴疠地，逐客无消息。)故人入我梦，明我长相忆。恐非平生魂，路远不可测。(魂来枫叶青，魂返关塞黑。君今在罗网，何以有羽翼。落月满屋梁，犹疑照颜色。)水深波浪阔，无使皎龙得。
Dreaming of Li Bo
Separation by death, in the end, you get over; separation in life isa continuing grief. No word from you, old friend. You’ve been in my dreams, asif you know how much I miss you. I feel as if you are no longer mortal, thedistance between us is so great. The water is deep and the waves are wide. Don’tlet the river god take you.
这段翻译绝对是兼顾诗的韵味和西方文化叙事模式的佳作。通过选择，这段译文几乎抛弃掉这首诗所有的背景，抛弃掉了宫廷风波、才子远放，只去写友人跨越时空的分离，感人至深。只是，主持人大概因此产生了误会，误把这首杜甫听闻李白被流放时写的诗误以为是杜甫听到了李白的死讯，误以为蛟龙(译文中是河伯)是实指了。
17:01/21:29《壮游》选段
朱门任倾夺，赤族迭罹殃。国马竭粟豆，官鸡输稻粱。举隅见烦费，引古惜兴亡……
My Brave Adventures
It was a time when the powerful indulged in murder and plunder. Themilitary used up the tax grain in the stores. The imperial fighting cocks hadto be fed. Many warnings could have been obtained from history about why adynasty fails.
这是《壮游》的第三次出现，应该说不愧是杜甫一生的自传。“国马竭粟豆，官鸡输稻粱”两句互文，前一句翻译的是本义，后一句大概是怕重复，翻译得很含蓄，少了一点感觉。最后两句的译文，配合英文版后面关于“中国历史周期律”，确实很能引人深思，只是不知道为什么中文版似乎删掉了这一段#装傻
18:21/23:48
《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字 》选段
……{天衢阴峥嵘，客子中夜发。霜严衣带断，指直不得结。}凌晨过骊山，御榻在嵽嵲。(蚩尤塞寒空，蹴蹋崖谷滑。)瑶池气郁律，羽林相摩戛。君臣留欢娱，乐动殷樛嶱。{赐浴皆长缨，与宴非短褐。彤庭所分帛，本自寒女出。鞭挞其夫家，聚敛贡城阙。}(圣人筐篚恩，实欲邦国活。臣如忽至理，君岂弃此物。多士盈朝廷，仁者宜战栗。况闻内金盘，尽在卫霍室。)中堂舞神仙，烟雾散玉质。暖客貂鼠裘，悲管逐清瑟。劝客驼蹄羹，霜橙压香橘。{朱门酒肉臭，}路有冻死骨……
Going from the Capital to Fengxian County, singingmy Feelings
I set out a lone traveler at midnight. Fingersare too cold to tie my broken belt. At dawn, I passed the Imperial Palace. Hereat the hot springs, the emperor entertains his court. And music echoes aroundthe hills. Only the rich and powerful may bathe here. But the silk they wearwas woven by poor people, woman whose husbands are beaten for their taxes. Thehalls are full of ladies as fair as goddesses. The scent of perfume moves witheach captivating figure, clothed in the warm furs of sable, entertained withthe finest music. Fed with camel hump soup and oranges ripened in the frost. Behindthe red lacquered gates, wine is left to sour, meat to rot. Outside the gateslie the bones of the frozen and the starved.
19:15/25:14
《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字 》选段
……入门闻号咷，幼子饥已卒。(吾宁舍一哀，里巷亦呜咽。)所愧为人父，无食致夭折。(岂知秋未登，贫窭有仓卒。)生常免租税，名不隶征伐。抚迹犹酸辛，平人固骚屑。(默思失业徒，因念远戍卒。忧端齐终南，澒洞不可掇。)
500 Words on the Road to Fengxian (这里是英文版里的名字)
When I reached home, I heard wailing in thehouse. My infant child had died of hunger. I am ashamed of being a father, sopoor that I caused my son to die for lack of food. And I am one of theprivileged. If my life is so bitter, then how much worse is the life of thecommon people?
这段译文是网上最有争议的一段，也是中文版删节最严重的一段(看给出时间点就能看出来)。网上的争议集中在“朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨”，认为这个“臭xiu4”应该是“有香气”的意思，而不是“腐烂”的“臭chou4”，不过我倒是觉得没必要纠结这些，而且就故事性来说“肉腐烂了”更能体现豪富的穷奢极欲。至于中文版的删节，也已标出了，凑活着看吧。
20:51/27:25
《彭衙行》选段
忆昔避贼初，北走经险艰。(夜深彭衙道，月照白水山。)尽室久徒步，逢人多厚颜。(参差谷鸟吟，不见游子还。痴女饥咬我，啼畏虎狼闻。怀中掩其口，反侧声愈嗔。小儿强解事，故索苦李餐。)一旬半雷雨，泥泞相牵攀。(既无御雨备，径滑衣又寒。有时经契阔，竟日数里间。野果充糇粮，卑枝成屋椽。)早行石上水，暮宿天边烟……
Ballad of Pengya Road
I remembered when we first fled the rebels,hurrying north over dangerous trails. The whole family trudging endlessly,begging without shame from the people we met. We walked for ten days, holdinghands, half in rain and thunder, through the mud we pulled each other on. Searchingthe horizon for a wisp of smoke, that might lead us to a safer shelter.
这段译文也是从一首长诗中选取拼接而来的。选段中多是一些概括性较强的语句，一些细节描写很生动的语句不在选择之内，还是颇有些遗憾的。“早行石上水，暮宿天边烟”一句的意译处理很恰当，表达的情感甚至胜于原文，很妙。
22:42/29:16
《月夜》选段
今夜鄜州月，闺中只独看。(遥怜小儿女，未解忆长安)。香雾云鬟湿，清辉玉臂寒。何时倚虚幌，双照泪痕干。
Moonlight Night
The moon shines in Fuzhou tonight. In herchamber, she watches alone. Her cloud-like hair sweet with mist, her jade armsare cold in the clear moonlight. When shall we lean in the empty windowtogether in brightness?
这段译文基本上是直译，译文的韵律感也很强，就是看着这段英文总觉得有些突兀，感觉缺了点过渡，大概是我太缺乏文学品味了?
24:16/30:49
《春望》选段
国破山河在，城春草木深。感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。烽火连三月，家书抵万金。(白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。)
Spring Scene
The state is destroyed, but the country remains. In the city inspring, grass and weeds grow everywhere. Grieving for the times, even theblossom sheds tears. Beacon fires have been burning for three months now. Aletter from home would be worth 10,000 in gold.
这一段真的是在网络上毁誉参半。第一句“国破山河在”翻译得极好，同是国家，state侧重政府，country侧重河山，nation侧重民族。“国破”是“唐朝政府的毁灭”，而“山河在”是“国家根基的延续”，这一翻译很是恰切。而翻译的不好，则主要是针对“烽火连三月，家书抵万金”一句翻译得太实在，把虚字译实了，太出戏。
28:23/34:56
《卜居》选段
(浣花溪水水西头，主人为卜林塘幽。)已知出郭少尘事，更有澄江销客愁。无数蜻蜓齐上下，一双鸂鶒对沉浮。(东行万里堪乘兴，须向山阴上小舟。)
Choosing a Dwelling
Here outside the city, there are a few worldly affairs. Besides us,there is a clear stream to dispel a stranger’s grief. Clouds of dragonflieshover, rising and falling. A pair of ducks dives and swims together.
28:45/35:25《为农》选段
(锦里烟尘外，江村八九家。圆荷浮小叶，细麦落轻花。)卜宅从兹老，为农去国赊。(远惭勾漏令，不得问丹砂。)
Become a Farmer
I have chosen a place to grow old. Far from the capital, I havebecome a farmer.
28:58/35:31
《江村》
清江一曲抱村流，长夏江村事事幽。自去自来梁上燕，(相亲相近水中鸥。)老妻画纸为棋局，稚子敲针作钓钩。多病所须惟药物，微躯此外更何求?
River Village
On a long summer day everything has a secret beauty. The swallows onthe roof come and go as they please. My wife makes a chessboard by paintingpaper. My boys make fish-hooks by bending needles. A man who is often sickneeds medicine. What else should an ordinary person seek?
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